Effects of aquatic physical exercise on neuropsychological factors in older people: A systematic review |
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| Institution: | 1. Movement Science Graduate Program, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;3. Physiotherapy Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil;4. Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil;1. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. General Education Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;1. Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil;2. Catholic University of Pelotas, Brazil;1. Heart Failure Service, Royal Brisbane and Women''s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia;2. Physiotherapy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women''s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia;3. School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia;4. Department of Internal Medicine and Aged Care, Royal Brisbane and Women''s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia;5. School of Physiotherapy, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia;1. Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea;2. Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea;3. Department of Physical Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Background. There is a lack of standardized protocols and clinical trials for older adults involving neuropsychological factors in the literature. Furthermore, no systematic review has been published investigating this theme.Purpose. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of aquatic physical exercise on neuropsychological factors in older adults.Methods. A systematic review (CRD42020176899) was conducted, using articles from Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Medline published until March 2020 (without limit of previous year). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were: clinical trials; samples with a mean age of 65 years old and over; articles involving aquatic physical exercise; and presenting neuropsychological outcomes (behavior, cognition, psychological, mental health).Results and discussion. The search yielded 801 records and 16 studies were included, totaling: 1707 older adults, with a mean age of 71.3 years old (range of mean ages in the studies: 65.3 to 88.4 years old) and a predominance of women. Aquatic physical exercise showed positive results in the mental component of quality of life, fear of falling, mood, anxiety and internal health locus of control in healthy sedentary older adults. Only one study out of 5 carried out with older adults with osteoarthritis showed improvements in psychological well-being after aquatic intervention. Older women with osteopenia or osteoporosis showed improvements in the mental component of quality of life. Studies on dementia showed a significant improvement in behavioral and psychological symptoms after aquatic intervention and no effect on depressive symptoms.Conclusion. Based on the results of this systematic review, aquatic physical exercise has positive effects on quality of life, fear of falling, cognitive functions, mood, anxiety and internal health locus of control in sedentary community-dwelling older people. It can be a great resource for carrying out physical activities in this population. |
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