Growing in generosity? The effects of giving magnitude,target, and audience on the neural signature of giving in adolescence |
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Institution: | 1. Erasmus SYNC Lab, The Netherlands;2. Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Brain and Development Research Center, The Netherlands;4. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands;5. Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands;6. Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands;7. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, United States |
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Abstract: | Giving is essential for forming and maintaining social relationships, which is an important developmental task for adolescents. This pre-registered fMRI study investigated behavioral and neural correlates of adolescents’ (N = 128, ages 9 – 19 years) small versus large size giving in different social contexts related to target (i.e., giving to a friend or unfamiliar peer) and peer presence (i.e., anonymous versus audience giving). Participants gave more in the small size than large size condition, more to friends than to unfamiliar peers, and more in the audience compared to anonymous condition. Giving very small or large amounts was associated with increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior insula (AI), and older adolescents showed increased lateral and anterior PFC activation for small size giving. We observed activity in the intraparietal cortex (IPL), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and AI for giving to friends, but no age-related differences in this activity. Behaviorally, in contrast, we observed that older adolescents differentiated more in giving between friends and unfamiliar peers. Finally, we observed interactions between peer presence and target in the AI, and between giving magnitude and target in the precuneus. Together, findings reveal higher context-dependency of giving and more lateral PFC activity for small versus large giving in older adolescents. |
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Keywords: | Giving Adolescence Target Audience FMRI Prosocial behavior |
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