母亲职业紧张对子代先天畸形影响的病例-对照研究

目的探讨母亲职业紧张与子代先天畸形发生的关系。方法选择在北京市某区妇幼保健院发生的101例先天畸形的孕妇为病例组,同期正常妊娠的妇女303例为对照组,进行1∶3配对病例-对照研究;采用中文版工作内容问卷(JCQ)和付出-回报失衡问卷(ERIQ)核心版对研究对象分别进行职业紧张程度测量,对母亲职业紧张与子代先天畸形发生之间的关系进行多因素条件logistic回归分析。结果在控制和考虑非职业性因素后,对JCQ及相关因素分析表明,职业紧张程度与子代先天畸形发生之间相关性不明显(P=0.345),母亲加强体育锻炼对子代先天畸形的发生可能具有保护作用(OR=0.614,95%CI为0.465～0.810)、母亲较高教育程度也可能避免先天畸形的发生(OR=0.586,95%CI为0.406～0.844)。ERIQ分析母亲职业紧张程度与子代先天畸形发生之间的关系结果与JCQ相似(P=0.406)。结论该研究结果尚不能确定职业紧张对先天畸形的发生有影响。

A case control study on the effect of occupational stress on congenital defects

[Objective] To explore the association between occupational stress and congenital defects.[Methods] A 1∶3 matched case-control study was conducted on 101 pregnant women with congenital defects as exposure group and 303 women with normal pregnancy as control group.The occupational stress was measured with the Chinese version of self-reported Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) and Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire(ERIQ).Data were analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression.[Results] After adjustment and consideration of the other factors which were irrelevant to occupational stress,no significant differences were found between occupational stress and congenital defects(P=0.345)through JCQ and related factor analysis.Maternal education might be the protective factors for congenital defects(OR=0.614,95%CI∶0.465-0.810).Maternal Physical exercises might prevent congenital defects(OR=0.586,95%CI∶0.406-0.844).ERIQ analysis showed the result of relationship analysis between occupational stress and congenital defects was similar with that of JCQ.[Conclusion] The results can not affirm the effect of occupational stress on congenital defects.