Exploring the presence of multiple abnormal non-motor features in patients with cervical dystonia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville TN 37232, USA;3. Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;4. Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;1. Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center Box MIND, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, United States;2. Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., CU 420630, Rochester, NY 14642, United States;3. Upstate Health Care Center, 4th Floor, 90 Presidential Plaza, Syracuse, NY 13202, United States;4. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 629, Rochester, NY 14642, United States;1. Department of Neurology, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Department of Neurosurgery, K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Bandra, Mumbai, India;1. Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia;2. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic 3000, Australia;3. National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;4. Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;5. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;6. Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;7. Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;8. Department of Neurology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia;1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;2. Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;3. Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA;5. Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA;6. Center of Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;1. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy |
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| Abstract: | This study’s aim was to investigate prevalence of four non-motor symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia and healthy controls to explore whether the presence of multiple non-motor features is associated with cervical dystonia diagnosis. Fifteen patients with cervical dystonia and 15 healthy controls underwent non-invasive testing of spatial discrimination threshold, temporal discrimination threshold, vibration-induced illusion of movement, and kinesthesia. All spatial discrimination threshold, temporal discrimination threshold, and vibration-induced illusion of movement measures were converted to standardized Z scores with scores >2.0 considered abnormal. Any incorrect kinesthesia response was considered abnormal. Prevalence of each abnormal non-motor feature was compared between groups using a chi-squared test. A higher proportion of patients with cervical dystonia had abnormal spatial discrimination threshold (p = 0.01) and abnormal kinesthesia (p = 0.03) scores compared to healthy control subjects. There were no significant differences between the proportion of patients with cervical dystonia versus healthy controls for abnormal temporal discrimination threshold (p = 0.07) or abnormal vibration-induced illusion of movement (p = 0.14). Forty-seven percent of patients with cervical dystonia (7/15) demonstrated one abnormal non-motor feature, 20% (3/15) displayed two abnormal features, and 13% (2/15) displayed three abnormal features. Kinesthesia was the only non-motor feature identified as abnormal in the control group (20%, 3/15). All four tests demonstrated high specificity (80–100%) and low-moderate sensitivity (13–60%). These findings suggest that non-motor feature testing, specifically for spatial discrimination threshold and kinesthesia, could be a highly specific diagnostic tool to inform cervical dystonia diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings. |
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| Keywords: | Dystonia Torticollis Sensory thresholds Kinesthesis Spatial discrimination threshold CD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0035" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Cervical dystonia JVP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Johnson-Van Boven-Phillips SDT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Spatial discrimination threshold TDT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Temporal discrimination threshold VIIM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Vibration-induced illusion of movement VUMC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" k0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Vanderbilt University Medical Center |
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