Validation of the Japanese version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and relationship among stress,insomnia, anxiety,and depression in healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women''s University, Seoul, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the 9-item Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics scale (SAVE-9) and the relationships among the stress related to viral epidemics, insomnia, anxiety, and depression.Patients/methodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted online. In total, 1000 healthcare workers (579 men, 421 women; mean age: 43.11 ± 11.69 years) were asked to complete the SAVE-9, Athens Insomnia Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. For the analysis, participants were divided into two groups: healthcare workers at a medical institution designated for COVID-19 (COVID institution) and those working at an institution not designated for COVID-19 (non-COVID institution).ResultsItem response theory analysis showed that the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 (6-item version) had good structural validity and internal consistency (ω = 0.91 and 0.93). Correlation analysis for convergent validity showed a significant positive correlation between both the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 and the other scales for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. In addition, both SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 scores were higher for workers in COVID institutions than for those in non-COVID institutions. Furthermore, stress related to viral epidemics was found to directly affect anxiety (β = 0.48) and depression (β = 0.25) and indirectly affect anxiety (β = 0.37) and depression (β = 0.54) via insomnia (β = 0.33).ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the reliability and validity of both the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 and that insomnia mediated the effects of stress to viral epidemics on anxiety and depression symptoms. |
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| Keywords: | Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics Insomnia Depression Anxiety COVID-19 Cross-sectional survey AIS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Athens Insomnia Scale CES-D"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale COVID-19"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"coronavirus disease 2019 GAD-7"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 IRCCC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"item response category characteristic curve IRT"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"item response theory SAVE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics SEM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"structural equation modeling TIF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"test information function |
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