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Longitudinal associations between neighbourhood physical environments and depressive symptoms of older adults in Hong Kong: The moderating effects of terrain slope and declining functional abilities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA;1. Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410083, PR China;2. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States;1. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Sociology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Little is known about the accumulative impacts of neighbourhood physical environments on older adults’ depressive symptoms over time. Based on a cohort study of 2081 older adults in Hong Kong, this study examined longitudinal relationships between neighbourhood physical environments and depressive symptoms among older adults, with a particular focus on the moderating effects of terrain slope and individual functional ability using latent growth curve modelling. Results indicated that the availability of community centres and passive leisure facilities reduced depressive symptoms over time. The protective effects of residential surrounding greenness on depressive symptoms among older adults differed by the terrain slope types. Longitudinal associations between neighbourhood physical environments and depressive symptoms varied between older adults with and without functional limitations. This study has implications for the Ecological Theory of Ageing by identifying the dynamic interplay of environment demands and individual functional ability. Planning policies for building age-friendly neighbourhoods are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Depressive symptoms Neighbourhood physical environments Terrain slope Functional abilities Older adults Cohort study |
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