Treatment Outcomes of Permanent Immature Teeth with Crown Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study

IntroductionCrown fractures are a common type of traumatic dental injury. Various factors may affect the outcome of crown fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of immature teeth with a crown fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who presented to a dental trauma center from 2008–2018 with a history of a crown fracture of immature teeth and at least 6 months of follow-up. Outcomes of primary endodontic or restorative interventions as well as reinterventions were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the unadjusted differences in survival time. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors for complication and survival time, respectively.ResultsThe success rates of the primary interventions for 99 teeth (72 patients) after a median follow-up of 22 months were as follows: cervical pulpotomy (90.4%), partial pulpotomy (85.2%), mineral trioxide aggregate apical barrier (80.0%), root canal treatment (66.6%), and only restoration (47.2%). Teeth that received vital pulp therapy were less prone to complications (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.53; P < .05), whereas those with concomitant luxation injuries were more susceptible to complications (adjusted odds ratio = 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–8.29; P < .05).ConclusionsCrown fractures had a relatively high favorable prognosis. Vital pulp therapy (partial or cervical pulpotomy) had the highest success rate, whereas cases that received only restoration had the lowest success rate. Teeth with concomitant luxation injuries had more odds and hazards of complications.