GIS在传染病防控方面的应用

传染病是目前全球卫生安全的重大威胁之一,传染病防控与预警也已成为人类社会时刻关注的重大问题。对疾病分布进行研究,从而研究疾病高发地区与高危人群,以及有关的危险因子,这是流行病学的重要内容。GIS具有强大的空间数据采集、管理与分析功能,是传染病防控中不可或缺的分析工具。在传染病传播机理等基础理论指导下,利用数学模型和GIS技术对病原扩散、传染病传播进行模拟,是认知传染病传播等复杂系统问题的有效手段,将提升我国应对传染病防控的科学决策和现场处置能力。本文将从传染病及其媒介监测分析、危险因素分析、应对突发公共卫生事件、卫生服务管理与决策和二次开发和应用五个方面,重点介绍GIS技术在传染病预防与控制领域中的应用。

Application of GIS (geographic information system) in infectious diseases control and prevention

Infectious disease is one of the threats to global health security, and disease surveillance and early warning have become a major issue of human society. One important part of the epidemiological research is to study the distribution of the disease to determine the high risk-prone areas and the risk factors. In recent years, with the rapid development of geographic information system (GIS), new opportunities and challenges appear in epidemiological studies. GIS has powerful spatial data collection, management and analysis capabilities, which is an integral part of analytical tools in the infectious diseases prevention and control. Under the guidance of basic theory, the mathematical model and GIS technology are effective methods for infectious diseases prevention and control, and promote the ability of the government policy formulation and field operation ability. This article reviewed the application of GIS, including diseases monitoring, risk factors, health emergencies, management and technology in infectious diseases prevention and control.