西南某铝业周边人群环境氟暴露健康影响现状

目的了解某铝业对周边居民健康影响现状,为政府及企业制定相关防治对策提供科学依据。方法于2015年对西南某地一处有近20年生产历史并停产1年的综合性铝业公司,在其周边选择3个行政村作为污染区,同时选择1个行政村作为对照区。采集8~12岁儿童和18~70岁居民尿液及其家中粮食、蔬菜等食物,以及饮用水和所在村空气样本,检测样本氟含量及尿样肌酐,应用点评估方法计算居民环境氟暴露量,评价暴露风险和健康危害水平。结果 8~15岁和18~70岁居民经食物、饮水和空气摄入氟化物量依次分别为污染区0.243 1mg/d、0.321 1mg/d和对照区0.274 6mg/d、0.410 5mg/d,总氟摄入量均低于《人群总摄氟量卫生标准》规定。但污染区儿童和成人群体尿氟几何均值分别为0.46 mg/L、0.58 mg/L,虽未超过国家有关标准限值,但显著高于对照区儿童(0.34 mg/L)和成人(0.32 mg/L),并且污染区儿童氟斑牙患病率(14.11%)明显高于对照区(1.76%),最高的B村小学儿童氟斑牙检出率高达38.36%。结论该企业周边饮用水、食物和空气等环境介质总体安全,但应持续关注居民尿氟高负荷和儿童氟斑牙高患病率问题,企业在后续的技术改造升级过程中应采取有效措施,确保周边居民身体健康。

Environmental impact of environmental fluoride exposure in the surrounding population in an aluminum industry company in Southwest China

Objective To understand the health effects of aluminum industry on surrounding residents,and provide scientific basis for the government and enterprises to formulate relevant prevention and control measures.Methods In 2015,three administrative villages around the comprehensive aluminum company in Southwest China (nearly 2 decades of production history and discontinued for 1 year) were selected as pollution area,and one administrative village as the control area.The urine of 8-12 years old children and 18-70 years old residents,home foods,drinking water and the village air samples were collected.The fluorine content in samples and urine creatinine were detected.The point assessment method was used to calculate the environmental fluorine exposure of the residents,and assess the exposure risk and health hazard level.Results Food in contaminated area (n =274) had the highest concentration of fluoride (0.721 9 mg/kg),followed by dricd beans (0.616 8 mg/kg) and noodles (0.501 3 mg/kg);The fluoride content in the control area (n =111) was the highest in the noodles (0.900 0 mg/kg),followed by maize (0.675 0 mg/kg) and peanuts (0.667 0 mg/kg).The fluoride content of water(n =21,mean 0.070 mg/L) and air (mean 0.18μg/m3) in the contaminated area were compared with those in the control area,the difference was not statistically significant.The intake amount of fluoride pollution through food,water and air of 8 to 12 years old group and 18 to 70 years ago group was 0.243 1 mg/d,0.321 1 mg/d in pollution area,respectively,and was 0.2746 mg/d,0.410 5 mg/d in control area,respectively.The total fluoride intake was below "The total Population of Fluoride Health Standards".However,the urine fluorine geometric average was 0.46 rmg/L,0.58 mg/L among children and adults in pollution area,respectively.It did not exceed the relevant national standard limits,but significantly higher than the control area of children (0.34 mg/L)and adults(0.32 mg/L),and the pollution area children's dental fluorosis prevalence (14.11％) was obviously higher than the control area (1.76％),the highest B village elementary school children's dental fluorosis detection rate was as high as 38.36％.Conclusion The water,food,air and other environment media around the enterprise was overall safe,however,continuous attention should be paid to urinary fluoride high load and high prevalence of dental fluorosis in children.In the technological transformation and upgrading process,effective measures should be taken to ensure the health of the surrounding residents.