上海市老年人营养状况调查

[目的]通过对上海市老年人膳食、体格状况的调查,评价上海市老年人的营养状况,为进一步改善上海市老年人营养状况提供依据。[方法]以60~75岁的上海市老年人为调查对象,采用流行病学现况调查的方法。调查表的设计经过文献查阅、专家讨论、预调查等过程。膳食结构的调查采用食物频率表,评价采用量化分等级、中国膳食平衡指数的方法;体格状况的评价采用体质指数法。[结果]有60.7%的老人膳食结构欠合理,其中主要是奶制品、水果、水产品的摄入不足,谷类消费比较合理。上海市老年人中,超重占40.0%,肥胖8.0%,过轻4.4%;女性超重的比例略多于男性。[结论]受多种因素的影响,上海市有过半的老年人膳食结构不合理,有近一半的老年人超重或肥胖,有必要加以改善。

A survey on dietary behaviors and their influencing factors in Shanghai elders

[Objective] To evaluate the nutritional status of Shanghai elders through dietary interview and physical examination,so as to provide scientific bases to improve their nutritional status. [Methods] The survey was carried out in Shanghai elders' aged 60～75 years.A cross-sectional epidemiological study was used.The questionnaire was designed through literatures reading,experts assessing and pre-investigation.The diet of elders were interviewed using food frequency questionnaires.The rank comprehensive evaluation and Chinese Diet Balance Index(DBI) were selected to evaluate their dietary patterns.Body mass index(BMI) was selected to evaluate physical status of elders. [Results] The food construction in 60.7% of Shanghai elders was unhealthy,including consuming not enough dairy,fresh fruit and fish.Grain consumption was comparatively reasonable in Shanghai elders.Among Shanghai elders,40.0% were overweight,8.0% were obese and 4.4% were underweight.The proportion of overweight was higher in females than in males. [Conclusion] More than half of the Shanghai elders had unhealthy dietary patterns,which led to overweight or obesity.It needs to be improved.