十二指肠损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结十二指肠损伤的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1994年3月至2013年3月重庆市急救医疗中心收治的58例十二指肠损伤患者的临床资料,其中钝性伤47例,穿透伤11例.结合临床表现、影像学检查和腹腔穿刺术等明确损伤部位,采用美国创伤外科学会-器官损伤分级（AAST-OIS）.根据患者病情及损伤范围等具体情况选择手术方式.采用门诊或电话随访,随访时间截至2013年9月.结果 术前诊断17例,术中诊断41例.其中十二指肠损伤第一段7例,第二段28例,第三段17例,第四段6例;AAST-OIS Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级17例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅴ级5例.58例患者行手术治疗,其中单纯缝合修补术23例,浆膜切开血肿清除、修补术4例,带蒂空肠片修补术7例,损伤肠管切除＋端端吻合术5例,十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术12例,胃空肠吻合术2例,合并胰头损伤行胰十二指肠切除术4例,十二指肠腔内外和胆总管、胰管广泛引流术1例.治愈48例,死亡10例,其中4例死于十二指肠损伤相关并发症;十二指肠狭窄、十二指肠瘘及腹腔脓肿是主要并发症.48例治愈患者中,6例失访,42例随访6～36个月,其中3例遗留轻度消化道不全梗阻症状,于术后6 ～12个月内消失;1例术后3个月发生胰十二指肠内瘘经保守治疗后痊愈;其余均正常.结论 腹腔穿刺及CT等影像学检查是诊断十二指肠损伤的有效方法;治疗时应综合考虑肠壁损伤部位、范围等因素后选择简单合理的术式;有效的十二指肠减压和充分腹腔引流是手术成功的重要保障.

Diagnosis and treatment of duodenal trauma

Objective To assess the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of duodenal trauma.Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with duodenal trauma who were admitted to the Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from March 1994 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 47 patients with blunt injury and 11 with penetrating injury.The surgical procedure was selected by patient＇s condition and extent of injury combined with the clinical symptoms,imaging examination,abdominal puncture and the Organ Injury Scale grading system of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma （AAST-OIS）.All patients were followed up through outpatient examination and telephone interview till September 2013.Results Seventeen patients were diagnosed as with duodenal trauma before operation,and 41 patients were diagnosed during the operation.The injury of the first part of the duodenum was observed in 7 patients,second part in 28 patients,third part in 17 patients and fourth part in 6 patients.According to the AAST-OIS,7 patients were with grade Ⅰ injury,17 in grade Ⅱ,20 in grade m,9 in grade Ⅳ and 5 in grade Ⅴ.The 58 patients received operation,including 23 with simple suture,4 with serosa section,hematoma evacuation and repair,7 with pedicled ileal flap to repair duodenal defect,5 with resection of ruptured intestine and end-to-end anastomosis,12 with Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy,2 with gastrojejunostomy,4 with pancreaticoduodenectomy,1 with doudenal,choledochal and pancreatic duct extensive drainage.Forty-eight patients were cured successfully and 10 patients died,including 4 died of complications of the duodenal trauma.The duodenal stenosis,duodenal fistula and abdominal abscess were the main complications.Six patients were lost to follow-up and 42 patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months.There were 3 patients with gastrointestinal tract defect and obstructive symtoms,with a missing of complications at postoperative month 6 to 12.One patient with pancreaticoduodenal fistula were cured by conservative tr