栝楼化学成分研究概述

栝楼为葫芦科多年生草本植物，其果实（瓜蒌）、果皮（瓜蒌皮）、种子（瓜蒌子）、块根（天花粉）均属于传统中药，广泛应用于临床。为促进栝楼药用植物资源的综合开发与利用，明确瓜蒌、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌子、天花粉等药材的药效成分，提升其质量控制标准，本文对近几年来栝楼化学研究进展情况进行了归纳、总结，结果显示瓜蒌、瓜蒌皮及瓜蒌子成分主要为脂肪油、脂肪酸、甾醇、三萜皂苷、蛋白质、氨基酸和无机元素等，天花粉成分主要为天花粉植物凝集素、天花粉蛋白质、淀粉、皂苷、多糖类、氨基酸类、酶类等。这些成分的药理活性要么不明显，要么与其药材临床功效难以联系，能反映药材质量的成分至今不明确。

Research summary on chemical composition in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.

Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. belongs to Cucurbitaceae perennial herbs, its fruit （ Tri- chosanthes）, peel （ Percarpium trichosanthis）, seeds （ Semen trichosanthis）, root （ Trichosanthis Radix） are common Chinese herbs, and have been widely used in clinical practice. In order to promote the com prehensive development and utilization of trichobitacin medicinal plant resources, to clear and definite the medicinal ingredients of Trichosanthes, Percarpium trichosanthis, Semen trichosanthis, Trichosanthis Radix and others, to enhance the drug quality control standards, this paper concludes and summarizes the recent research advance on Chemistry in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. , the results show Trichosanthes, Percarpi um trichosanthis and Semen trichosanthis mainly compose of fatty oils, fatty acids, sterols, triterpene sapo nins, proteins, amino acids and inorganic elements etc. Trichosanthis Radix composed mainly of TCS, TKL, starch, saponins, polysaccharides, amino acids, enzymes and so on. Pharmacological activity of these ingredients are either obscure, or separated from their herbs, so that medicinal quality ingredients cannot be reflected so far.