Evaluation of markers out of the steroid profile for the screening of testosterone misuse. Part II: Intramuscular administration |
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| Authors: | Aristotelis Kotronoulas Àlex Gomez‐Gómez Andreu Fabregat Jordi Segura Sheng Yang Yanyi Xing Wu Moutian Josep Marcos Jesús Joglar Rosa Ventura Oscar J. Pozo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Bioanalysis Research Group. IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IQAC‐CSIC), Barcelona, Spain;3. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain;4. Programa De Recerca En Epidemiologia I Salut Pública, ISGlobal, Campus Mar, Barcelona, Spain;5. Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;6. Waters Cromatografia SA, MS Applicat Lab, Barcelona, Spain;7. Barcelona Antidoping Laboratory, Doping Control Research Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain;8. National Anti‐Doping Laboratory, China Anti‐Doping Agency, Beijing, China;9. Cerba Internacional, Sabadell, Spain |
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| Abstract: | In the fight against doping, the introduction of alternative markers to the steroid profile can be considered as an effective approach to improve the screening capabilities for the detection of testosterone (T) misuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of several T metabolites (cysteinyl conjugated and glucuronoconjugated resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis) to detect both the transdermal and the intramuscular administration of T. In Part I of the study, we studied the potential of these metabolites for the detection of T transdermal administration. Results revealed that resistant glucuronides can be a suitable complement to the current steroid profile. In this, Part II, dedicated to the intramuscular administration, we studied the potential of cysteinyl conjugated, resistant glucuronoconjugated and 1‐cyclopentenoylglycine (1‐CPG) for the detection of a single intramuscular injection of T cypionate. Possible differences in the excretion profile of all markers were explored between individuals with low basal (n=6) and medium basal (n=6) values of the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The results showed that all tested markers presented low intra‐individual stability in basal conditions. Despite this, all glucuronoconjugated markers and 1‐CPG, but not the cysteinyl conjugated markers, provided detection windows that were similar or longer than those obtained by markers currently included in the steroid profile. Based on the results obtained from the 2 parts of this study and from previously reported data, the potential applicability and the limitations of including these markers in the steroid profile are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | 1‐cyclopentenoylglycine cysteinyl metabolites glucuronoconjugated metabolites intramuscular administration testosterone |
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