骶结节韧带和骶棘韧带的解剖定位研究

目的通过测量骶结节和骶棘韧带附着处附近的骨性标志间的距离,获得两条韧带的解剖定位方法及其体表投影位置,为临床相关应用提供解剖学依据。方法 20例(男、女性各10例20侧)正常成人防腐骨盆标本,用游标卡尺测量同侧髂后上棘至坐骨结节、髂后上棘至坐骨棘、髂后上棘至第4骶椎横突结节、髂后上棘至骶角、坐骨结节至坐骨棘、坐骨棘至骶角、坐骨结节至骶角的距离,并进行性别比较。结果男、女性骨盆髂后上棘至坐骨结节距离分别为(12.19±0.49)cm和(11.20±0.39)cm(P0.05);髂后上棘至骶角距离(7.62±0.50)cm和(6.70±0.92)cm(P0.05)。骶结节韧带的体表投影线为同侧髂后上棘至骶角连线中点与坐骨结节的连线;骶棘韧带的体表投影线为同侧髂后上棘至坐骨结节连线的上3/4与下1/4交点(坐骨棘位置,约距髂后上棘8.5cm)与骶角的连线。结论本研究不仅丰富了人类学数据,且提供的体表定位方法,为临床相关应用和康复治疗提供解剖学参考。

The study on anatomical location of the sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament

Objective To acquire the two ligaments anatomical location and surface projection by measuring the distance between tuber sacrale and sacrospinous ligament near the bone mark,thus provide anatomical basis for clinical relevant applications.Methods 20 cases(male,female 10 each cases of 20 side) of normal adult antisepticised pelvis specimen were selected,measuring the distance from the ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity,the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial spine,the posterior superior iliac spine to the sacral 4 vertebral transverse process tubercle,the posterior superior iliac spine to the sacral hom,the ischial tuberosity to the ischial spine,ischial spine to the sacral hom and the ischial tuberosity to sacral hom by vernier caliper and made a comparison between the different genders.Results The distances of male and female pelvic posterior superior iliac spine to ischial tuberosity were(12.19 ± 0.49)cm and(11.20 ± 0.39)cm(P<0.05) respectively,posterior superior iliac spine to the sacral hom were(7.62 ± 0.50) cm and(6.70 ± 0.92)cm(P <0.05).respective.The sacrotuberous ligament surface projection line was the connection between the line midpoint of ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine to sacral cornu and the ischial tuberosity,the surface projection line of sacrospinous ligament was the connected line from the intersection point of the upper 3/4 and lower 1/4(ischial spine position,away from the posterior superior iliac spine about 8.5 cm) of ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine to ischial tuberosity to sacral cornu.Conclusion This study not only enriches the anthropological data but also provides the surface location method and anatomy reference for clinical application and rehabilitation treatment。