综合治理控制湖沼地区血吸虫病效果

目的探索湖沼地区综合治理措施控制血吸虫病流行的效果。方法2003～2007年选择湖北省公安县花基台荆江分洪区5个湖沼型血吸虫病流行村为试点,第1阶段（2003～2005年）在实施人畜化疗、易感地带灭螺、免费救治晚期血吸虫病人的同时,结合农业、林业、水利等项目开展血防综合治理。第2阶段（2006～2007年）在此基础上开展以机代牛,控制传染源,发展多种经营,种植经济作物或棉稻、油稻轮作。结果通过连续5年2个阶段综合治理,第1阶段居民和耕牛感染率分别降至1.05%和2.69%,分别下降了97.29%和80.06%（2χ=276.649 3、27.364 6,P均〈0.01）,无12岁以下儿童新感染和急性血吸虫病发生,钉螺感染率降至0（2χ=7.145 1,P〈0.01）;第2阶段居民感染率降至0.21%,下降了99.46%,病牛数减少到0,未发生急性血吸虫病,钉螺面积下降98.02%,达到血吸虫病传播控制标准。结论综合治理措施可有效控制湖沼地区血吸虫病流行。

Effect of comprehensive control measures for schistosomiasis in marshland and lake regions

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control measures for schistosomiasis in marshland and lake regions.Methods Five schistosomiasis endemic villages in the Huajitai Jingjiang River flood diversion area were selected as investigation sites from 2003 to 2007.Population and livestock chemotherapy,snail control in susceptible areas and advanced schistosomiasis assistance were implemented in the first three years,combined with projects on agriculture,forestry,water conservation and so on.Then the replacement of bovine with machine,infection source control and development of diversified economy were performed in the following two years.Results By the end of the first stage,the infection rates of resident and cattle decreased to 1.05% and 2.69%,respectively,with reduction rates of 97.29% and 80.06%,respectively（χ2=276.649 3,27.364 6,both P values〈0.01）.There were no newly infected cases among children younger than 12 years old,and no acute schistosomiasis occurred.The infection rate of snails was 0（χ2=7.145 1,P〈0.01）.At the end of the second stage,the infection rate of residents（0.21%）decreased by 99.46%,and there were no infected cattle and cases of acute schistosomiasis.The snail areas decreased by 98.02%.Conclusion The mode of comprehensive control measures is suitable in endemic areas of marshland and lake regions.