关节镜下外固定架牵引复位治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨在关节镜监视下结合外固定架牵引复位治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法2003年2月至2005年1月共治疗26例胫骨平台骨折患者,Schatzker分型为:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型6例,Ⅴ型5例,Ⅵ型2例。术前摄X线片和CT扫描,术中在关节镜监视下对膝关节行外固定架牵引复位,通过螺钉或钢板进行内固定。根据Rasmussen评分对术后疗效进行评定。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间7～21个月,平均16个月。术后在1．5～4个月骨性愈合,未出现切口愈合不良、感染和筋膜间隔综合征等并发症,在随访期间未发生创伤性关节炎和膝关节内翻、外翻畸形。根据Rasmussen评分,11例为优,13例为良,2例可,本组平均为(27±2)分。结论采用关节镜监视下结合外固定架牵引复位技术治疗SchatzkeⅠ～Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折,具有创伤小、骨折愈合快等优势,可增大关节腔内的操作间隙,提高骨折复位的准确性,有利于膝关节功能恢复。

Arthroscopically assisted treatment of tibial plateau fractures by tractive reduction with external fixator

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment for tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: From February 2003 to January 2005, a total of 26 cases with tibial plateau fractures were reviewed. There were 4 cases of type I fracture, 5 type II, 4 type III, 6 type IV, 5 type V and 2 type VI based on Schatzker criteria. Before operation, X-ray examination and CT scanning were done. During operation, the dissociative fragments were reconstructed by tractive reduction with external fixator arthroscopically and fixated with screws or plates. RESULTS: All the fractures were healed within 1.5 - 4 months, with no severe complications such as poor wound healing, infection or osteofascial compartment syndrome. All patients that were followed up for 7 - 21 months (mean, 16 months) showed no traumatic osteoarthritis, inversion or eversion of the knee. According to the Rasmussen scoring system, the outcome was excellent in 11 cases, good in 13 and fair in 2, with total score of 27 +/- 2. CONCLUSIONS: As for Schatzker type I - VI tibial plateau fractures, tractive reduction with external fixator and arthroscopically assisted treatment is characterized by minimal invasion, fast fracture healing. It broadens operative interspace of articular cavity, improves accuracy of reduction, is beneficial for knee joint function to recover.