Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in AtT20 cells via putative G-protein coupled receptors

CART peptides are important neurotransmitters, but little is known about their receptors or signaling pathways in cells. In this study we describe the effects of CART 55-102 on the stimulation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) in a pituitary-derived cell line. CART 55-102 treatment resulted in markedly enhanced ERK phosphorylation in AtT20 and GH3 cells, but had no significant effect on ERK phosphorylation levels in a variety of other cell types that were examined. The peptide activated ERK1 and 2 in AtT20 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but an inactive peptide, CART 1-27, had no effect. U0126, an inhibitor of the MEK kinases, blocked the CART-stimulated activation of ERKs. ERK activation was also attenuated by pertussis toxin pre-treatment, but not by genistein, suggesting a Gi/o-dependent mechanism. Overall, these data strongly support the existence of a specific receptor for CART peptide that is a G-protein coupled receptor utilizing a Gi/o mechanism involving MEK1 and 2.