Targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer: An update on pharmacological small-molecule compounds |
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| Institution: | 1. Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China;2. Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Limited, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China |
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| Abstract: | Autophagy, an evolutionarily highly conserved cellular degradation process, plays the Janus role (either cytoprotective or death-promoting) in colorectal cancer, so the targeting of several key autophagic pathways with small-molecule compounds may be a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we discuss autophagy-associated cell death pathways and key cytoprotective autophagy pathways in colorectal cancer. Moreover, we summarize a series of small-molecule compounds that have the potential to modulate autophagy-associated cell death or cytoprotective autophagy for therapeutic purposes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the Janus role of autophagy in colorectal cancer, and shed new light on the exploitation of a growing number of small-molecule compounds to target autophagy in future cancer drug discovery. |
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