Sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenomas of the pituitary gland

Summary The possible relationship between the preoperative plasma prolactin levels of patients having a sparsely granulated prolactin cell adenoma of the pituitary gland and the morphology of the tumors was studied by means of quantitative electron microscopy. To this end, a number of ultrastructural variables were chosen which are generally regarded to be indicative of cellular activity and which could be determined in a quantitative or semiquantitative way. These variables were determined in 19 adenomas from 17 patients and plotted against the corresponding prolactin levels. It appeared that marked endocrine activity was associated with a small number of granules per cell, a high frequency of exocytosis, and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Granule size and development of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes were not at all, or only poorly correlated with the plasma hormone levels. Finally, the number of mitochondria per cell showed a totally unexpected inverse correlation with endocrine activity. Due to the close mutual correlation existing between several of the variables investigated, combining them in a multivariate analysis did not significantly improve the correlation with the hormone level.