中老年居民慢性病及相关因素与中医体质类型的关系研究

目的对宁波市社区居民中医体质类型与慢性病及相关因素进行分析,为城市社区居民的中医养生保健和健康管理提供依据。方法采用中医医师检查和调查员问卷调查相结合方式对50岁以上社区居民进行中医体质类型辨识及慢性病患病情况调查,并进行相关分析。结果 3 100名居民中,平和质占34.57%,8种偏颇体质占65.43%,其中痰湿质最多占21.38%。其中2 486名慢性病者的痰湿质（22.77%）和血瘀质（2.57%）检出率明显高于无慢性病者（15.77%和0.33%）。高血压者痰湿质和血瘀质检出率高于非高血压者;高脂血症者痰湿质、血瘀质和特禀质检出率较高;糖尿病和心脑血管病者血瘀质检出率较高;慢性支气管炎者气虚质检出率较高;慢性胃炎者阳虚质、血瘀质和湿热质检出率较高。体育锻炼、吸烟、睡眠习惯与中医体质有关联。生活不规律及每天睡眠时间少于8 h偏颇体质检出率较高。体瘦对象气虚质和湿热质检出率较高。结论中老年居民中医体质类型与高血压、高脂血症和慢性胃炎等慢性病存在一定关联,缺乏体育锻炼、吸烟、睡眠不规律和睡眠时间少及体质偏瘦或肥胖与偏颇体质高存在正相关。

An analysis on relationship between traditional Chinese medical constitution and chronic diseases and its related factors among middle- aged and the elderly

Objective To examine the relationship between traditional Chinese medical（ TCM） constitution and chronic diseases in order to provide suggestions to TCM health care and health management among community residents. Methods3100 residents over 50 years old in 4 communities from Jiangdong district were selected by random sampling method.TCM constitution and prevalence of chronic diseases of residents were investigated by physical examination and questionnaire. Results 34. 57% of the residents were living with the constitution of yin- yang harmony,while the constitution of phlegm- dampness was 21. 38% which accounted for the most part of 8 biased constitutions. The percentages of constitution of blood stasis and phlegm- dampness among residents with chronic diseases were 22. 77% and2. 57% respectively,which were significantly higher than those without（ 15. 77% and 0. 33% respectively）. The percentage of constitution of blood stasis or phlegm- dampness among residents with hypertension was higher than those without. While among hyper- lipidemia residents,the positive rates of constitution of blood stasis,phlegm- dampness and allergic were higher,among residents with diabetes or cardio- cerebro- vascular diseases the positive rate of constitution of blood stasis was higher. Exercise,smoking and sleeping behavior were related to TCM constitution. The proportion of constitution of qi asthenia,damp- heat and qi stagnation among residents with low body mass index（ BMI 18. 5） was significantly larger. Conclusion TCM constitution among the middle- aged and the elderly was correlated to chronic diseases. Lack of exercise,smoking,irregular sleeping and low or high BMI were positively related to biased constitutions.