重型颅脑外伤与肺部感染临床分析

目的研究重型颅脑外伤患者院内肺部感染原因及病原菌特点,探讨预防及控制感染措施。方法对260例重型颅脑外伤患者肺部感染危险因素及病原菌调查分析。结果根据入院后的调查研究,导致患者并发肺部感染的主要因素有年龄、住院时间、气管切开、休克、基础病变等;其中从260例肺部感染患者中分离了细菌190株,主要致病菌为革兰阴性菌,占71%,其次为革兰阳性菌,占15.8%,真菌占13.2%。治愈196例,因肺部感染死亡39例,放弃治疗25例。结论导致重型颅脑损伤并发肺部感染的主要因素有年龄、住院时间、气管切开、休克、基础病变等,其主要致病菌为革兰阴性菌、其次为革兰阳性菌、真菌,针对上述危险因素采取有效措施可降低感染率。

Clinical analysis of severe traumatic brain injury and respiratory infection

Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventive measurement for respiratory infection in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods A total of 260 cases of severe traumatic brain injury with respiratory infection were analyzed and the risk factors were summarized. Results According to investigations and studies, the risk factors of hospital infection were age, length of stay, tracheostomy, shock, and the underlying diseases. A total of 190 pathogens were isolated from 260 cases of respiratory infection, including gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 71%, followed by gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 15.8% and the fungi accounting for 13.2%. There were 196 cases of recovery, 39 death cases due to respiratory infection, and 25 cases dropping out of the treatment. Conclusion The major risk factors of respiratory infection in severe traumatic brain injury go as follows ： age, length of stay, tracheostomy, shock, and underlying diseases. The major pathogens are gram- negative bacteria, followed by gram-positive bacteria and fungi. According to these risk factors, effective measurement can be performed to reduce the hospital infection rate.