ADHD and cannabis use in young adults examined using fMRI of a Go/NoGo task |
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| Authors: | Jerod Rasmussen B. J. Casey Theo G. M. van Erp Leanne Tamm Jeffery N. Epstein Claudia Buss James M. Bjork Brooke S. G. Molina Katerina Velanova Daniel H. Mathalon Leah Somerville James M. Swanson Tim Wigal L. Eugene Arnold Steven G. Potkin MTA Neuroimaging Group |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine,University of California Irvine,Irvine,USA;2.Weill Cornell Medical College,Sackler Institute,New York,USA;3.Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,USA;4.Institut für Medizinische Psychologie Luisenstra?e,Charité Berlin,Berlin,Germany;5.Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,USA;6.University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA;7.Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,USA;8.University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco,USA;9.Harvard University,Cambridge,USA;10.Ohio State University,Sunbury,USA |
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| Abstract: | Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for substance abuse. Response inhibition is a hallmark of ADHD, yet the combined effects of ADHD and regular substance use on neural networks associated with response inhibition are unknown. Task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from young adults with childhood ADHD with (n?=?25) and without (n?=?25) cannabis use ≥ monthly in the past year were compared with a local normative comparison group (LNCG) with (n?=?11) and without (n?=?12) cannabis use. Go/NoGo behavioral and fMRI data were evaluated for main and interaction effects of ADHD diagnosis and cannabis use. ADHD participants made significantly more commission errors on NoGo trials than controls. ADHD participants also had less frontoparietal and frontostriatal activity, independent of cannabis use. No main effects of cannabis use on response inhibition or functional brain activation were observed. An interaction of ADHD diagnosis and cannabis use was found in the right hippocampus and cerebellar vermis, with increased recruitment of these regions in cannabis-using controls during correct response inhibition. ADHD participants had impaired response inhibition combined with less fronto-parietal/striatal activity, regardless of cannabis use history. Cannabis use did not impact behavioral response inhibition. Cannabis use was associated with hippocampal and cerebellar activation, areas rich in cannabinoid receptors, in LNCG but not ADHD participants. This may reflect recruitment of compensatory circuitry in cannabis using controls but not ADHD participants. Future studies targeting hippocampal and cerebellar-dependent function in these groups may provide further insight into how this circuitry is altered by ADHD and cannabis use. |
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