196例妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念现状,分析其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样法,2017年9月—2018 年3月抽取郑州市某三级甲等医院产科门诊就诊的妊娠糖尿病患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、妊娠糖尿病健康信念问卷、糖尿病知识理解情况自评表及糖尿病态度量表,对196例妊娠糖尿病患者进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念的影响因素。结果 本组妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念总标准分为（63.10±3.11）分,糖尿病知识理解得分为（32.65±2.03）分,糖尿病积极态度得分（14.02±1.80）分,消极态度得分（16.64±1.44）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度、职业、是否有妊娠糖尿病史、糖尿病知识理解、糖尿病积极态度进入回归方程（P<0.001）,可解释妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念总变异的73.6%。结论 本组妊娠糖尿病患者健康信念处于中等水平,文化程度、职业、妊娠糖尿病病史、糖尿病知识及糖尿病态度是健康信念的主要影响因素。建议产科门诊医护人员重视患者知识及态度对其健康信念的影响,重点关注文化水平较低及首次确诊妊娠糖尿病的患者,识别不同职业背景患者的需求,根据患者特点采用多形式教育模式,激发患者积极情绪,提高其信心与积极性,促进其形成良好的健康信念与行为。

Current Status of Health Belief in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influence Factors: A 196-case Study

Objective To investigate the status quo of health belief in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and explore its influencing factors. Methods With a cross-sectional survey method, 196 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were investigated by a general information questionnaire, Gestational Diabetes Health Belief Questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Understanding Self-assessment Questionnaire and Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression anaslysis was used to analyze the influence factors. Results The total score of health belief was 63.10±3.11. The score of knowledge understanding was 32.65±2.03; that of positive attitude 14.02±1.80 and that of negative attitude 16.64±1.44. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that six variables including knowledge of diabetes, positive attitude towards diabetes, occupation, education background and gestational diabetes history entered into the regression equation（P<0.001）, which could explain 73.6% of the variations of health belief. Conclusion Health belief of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus is in a medium level. Medical staff should pay attention to patients' knowledge of and attitude toward health belief, focus on less-educated patients and those diagnosised of gestational diabetes mellitus for the first time and identify different demandsn of patients with different occupations. Multiform education is conducive to stimulating patients with positive emotions, enhancing patients' confidence and enthusiasm, thus to improve the level of health belief.