农村居民艾滋病防治知识态度及信念的调查分析

目的了解农村居民艾滋病防治知识认知水平及相关的态度,为开展有针对性的艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的原则在山西省运城地区抽取农村居民进行调查。结果①共调查农村居民246人,其中男性141人,女性105人,平均年龄(42±13)岁,82.9%为初中和小学文化程度;②调查发现农村居民对艾滋病3种传播途径的知晓率在70%左右,对艾滋病非传播途径的错误率在13%左右。部分防治知识不了解其中含义,知晓率低;③农村居民目前仍存在不同程度的歧视,54.9%认为自己要与PLWHAS保持一定的距离;④当地居民获取艾滋病防治知识的主要途径是电视,占82.5%,其次是报刊杂志、宣传资料和宣传栏;⑤影响因素分析发现,社会经历、健康状况、社交活动、保守、接受宣传情况以及从业状况影响农村居民对艾滋病知识的知晓,对非传播途径的错题得分、理智、文化程度、社交活动、防治总分、保守的个性影响农村居民对PLWHAS的态度。结论多种因素影响农村居民对艾滋病知识的知晓和对PLWHAS的态度,未来农村居民艾滋病防治工作的重点是要开展形式多样、易于农村居民理解接受的宣传活动,宣传内容需要进一步深入细化,形式、内容、途径最佳结合,以加强农村居民的接受程度,同时引起更多人对艾滋病防治知识的关注。

Awareness and perception with management of AIDS among rural residents

Objective To investigate the current status and potential need for promotion of awareness and belief with AIDS management among Shanxi rural residents and provide scientific evidence for intervention measures targeting rural population. Methods A group of rural residents were interviewed by random-cluster sampling in Yuncheng county. Results A total of 246 rural residents were investigated, comprising 141 males and 105 females with a mean age of 41.54 （SD 12.98） years old. The degree of education was considerably low among the interviewees, as 82.9% of them had attended schooling no higher than primary or junior middle schools. The survey among these subjects showed, three major transmission routes of AIDS were well known in about 70% of the people, non-transmission routes were misunderstood in about 13%, and some of common sense for AIDS management were not properly interpreted. Social discrimination existed in varying forms among these rural residents, and 54.9% believed in the need to stay away from people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHAS）. Access to common sense on AIDS management was mainly through television （82.5%）, followed by newspapers ＆ magazines, booklets and bulletin boards. Factorial analysis showed （1） awareness of AIDS management among rural residents linked to their social experiences, health status, so- cial activities, conservative notions and accessibility to health care communications, as well as their jobs; （2） altitudes towards PLWHAS linked to misunderstanding of non-transmission routes, sensibility, degree of education, social activities, scores of AIDS management and conservative notions. Conclusion Awareness and perception with management of AIDS among rural residents were related to multiple factors. Future efforts for AIDS management among rural residents should be focused on health education in various ways that is comprehensible and acceptable to this population. For health education, there is a need towards further specialized topics, as well as optimal combinatio