Men and therapy: critical concepts, theoretical frameworks, and research recommendations

Scholars are increasingly recognizing the existence of multiple evolving conceptions of masculinity and the need for psychologists to better attend to masculinity-related constructs and their implications for men's lives. This article seeks to respond to this need by (a) reviewing research linking masculinity-related constructs to clinically relevant issues, (b) providing suggestions for building effective therapeutic relationships with male clients, (c) describing the role that culture and racism may play in male clients' lives, and (d) offering recommendations for future research.