深圳市两工业区中小企业职业卫生的基本状况

目的为中小企业职业卫生工作进行合理有效的监督管理和服务指导提供线索。方法以日常职业卫生监督的形式,对深圳市宝安区2个工业区内所有企业2009年度的基本情况、主要存在的职业病危害因素及职业卫生基本状况进行调查分析。结果 2个工业区58家企业主要涉及电子、五金模具、表业、塑胶模具、纸品包装、机械等行业,存在的职业病危害因素主要有三氯乙烯、苯系物、正己烷、粉尘等化学有害因素及噪声、高温等物理有害因素;58家企业共有职工6120人,接触职业病危害因素人数共计2106人,占职工总人数的34.4%;58家企业在组织机械和规章制度建设、原辅材料和设备管理、职业病危害事故的应急救援、职业卫生培训、履行告知义务方面不符合要求比例均超过50%;其他各项调查中不符合要求的企业均低于25%。结论中小企业的职业卫生基本状况的形势严峻,职业卫生的安全隐患极大,在卫生资源有限的情况下,推行基本职业卫生服务如中小企业外聘职业卫生专家指导作业模式,可能降低企业职业病事故发生的风险。

Basic Status of Occupational Health of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in 2 Industrial Districts

Objective]To provide clues for effective inspection and management and comprehensive service and instruction for small and medium sized enterprises （ SMEs） .Methods]All enterprises in 2 industrial districts of Baoan District of Shenzhen City were investigated in 2009,in the form of daily supervision of occupational health. The mainly existed occupational hazards and the basic situation of occupational health were surveyed and analyzed.Results]The 58 SMEs were mainly of industries such as electronics,hardware models,watches,plastic models,paper packages and machinery. Chemical occupational hazards such as trichloroethylene,benzene series,N-hexane and dusts,and physical occupational health hazard factors such as noise and high temperature were found among these enterprises. Totally 6120 employees were in the 58 SMEs,among which 2106（ 34. 4% ） exposed to occupational hazards. More than 50% of the 58 SMEs were not qualified in construction machinery and regulatory organizations,raw materials and equipment management,emergency rescue of occupational accident,occupational health training,fulfilling the obligation. Less than 25% were not qualified in other investigations.Conclusion]The basic conditions of occupational health is serious in small and medium sized enterprises. Under the condition of limited health resources,implementation of basic occupational health services such as external occupational health experts guidance for SMEs operation mode can reduce the risk of occupational accidents.