贮藏年限及药材分级对夏枯草药材品质的影响

目的:探讨不同贮藏年限及药材分级对夏枯草内在品质的影响,以期为夏枯草规范化栽培技术的确定提供理论参考。方法:在安徽庐江夏枯草规范化种植基地内收集不同贮藏年限夏枯草果穗(当年、1年、2年),并对基地药材随机取样,结合果穗外观形状与市场现行标准,将药材分为3级;参照《中国药典》(2010年版)方法分别测定夏枯草药材水浸出物、醇浸出物、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分含量;紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮及多糖含量;HPLC测定熊果酸、齐墩果酸及迷迭香酸含量。结果:不同贮藏年限夏枯草总灰分及酸不溶性灰分含量随贮藏年限延长而显著增加;而水浸出物、醇浸出物、总黄酮、多糖、熊果酸、齐墩果酸及迷迭香酸含量随贮藏年限延长,各成分含量逐渐下降,且差异显著。夏枯草药材并未遵循分级标准呈现出明显规律,其中总黄酮含量以二级最高;多糖含量则以一级最高;总灰分、酸不溶性灰分含量呈现出从一级到三级逐渐下降趋势;而水浸出物、醇浸出物、熊果酸、齐墩果酸及迷迭香酸含量表现出从一级到三级依次上升趋势。结论:夏枯草药材安全储藏期以当年为宜;药材中主要活性成分含量多以三级药材最高,二级药材其次,一级药材最低。

Influence of storage period and grading standards on quality of Prunella vulgaris

Objective: To investigate the influence of storage period and grading standards on the quality of Prunella vulgaris in order to provide a theoretical basis for standardized cultivation. Method: The spices of P. vulgaris in different storage period (including current year, first-year and second-year) were collected from Lujiang base in Anhui Province. The samples were randomized, with the methods of morphologic characteristics and commercial size on P. vulgaris, the samples were graded into three grades; according to the methods from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, water-soluble extracts, ethanol-soluble extracts, total ash and acid insoluble ash were measured, respectively, utilizing the UV spectrophotometry to detection the contents of total flavonoids and polysaccharides, the levels of ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and rosmarinic acid were adopted by HPLC. Result: The total ash and acid insoluble ash of P. vulgaris showed significantly increase during prolonged storage; however, the content of water-soluble extracts,ethanol-soluble,total flavonoids,polysaccharides,ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,rosmarinic acid showed significantly decrease during prolonged storage. The spica of P. vulgaris exhibited no rules differences between the quality and grading standards, The second-degree belongs to high content of total flavonoids; the high content of polysaccharides was first-degree; the total ash and acid insoluble ash of spicas exhibited gradually decreased from first-degree to third-grade, and the content of water-soluble extracts,ethanol-soluble extracts,ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,rosmarinic acid showed gradually increased from first-degree to third-grade. Conclusion: The current year was a suitable storage time of spicas from P. vulgaris could be selected; and the main bioactive components highest level of P. vulgaris spicas was third-degree, second-grade next, first-degree minimum.