双腔起搏治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病长期随访研究

目的 评价起搏器治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的长期疗效,探讨临床特异的超声心动图评价指标.方法 连续选取我院37例植入双腔起搏器的HOCM患者进行随访,其中37例随访1年,26例随访2年,10例随访3年.分别于起搏器植入后1年、2年及3年,测试起搏频率、阈值、阻抗、房室延迟、心房和心室起搏百分比,超声测量左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室流出道内径(LVOTd)、左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTPG)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、肺动脉收缩压(PASP),观察收缩期二尖瓣前向运动(SAM).动态比较起搏器植入前后起搏参数及超声心动图指标变化.结果 调整起搏频率60～70次/min,调整房室延迟90～180 ms,以满足95％以上心室起搏,心房、心室起搏阈值和起搏阻抗正常范围内,3年内起搏器各参数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；与起搏前相比,起搏治疗1、2和3年后,IVS及LVOTPG显著下降(P＜0.01),LVOTd显著增宽(P＜0.01),SAM现象明显改善(P＜0.01),但LAD、LVEDd、LVPW、LVEF及PASP起搏前后变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 双腔起搏治疗HOCM可长期改善其心脏结构重构.IVS、LVOTd和LVOTPG可以作为长期评价起搏治疗HOCM的敏感和特异的超声指标.

Long term follow-up study on dual-chamber pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objective To assess the long-term effects of pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive eardiomyopathy(HOCM),and explore the most specific echocardiographic indexes.Methods A total of 37 consecutive HOCM patients implanted dual-chamber pacemakers were enrolled and followed up.Thirty-seven cases were followed up for 1 year,26 cases were followed up for 2 years,and 10 cases were followed up for 3 years.After 1,2 and 3 years pacemaker implantation,pacing frequency,pacing threshold,impedance,atrioventricular delay and cumulative percent atrial and ventricular pacing were respectively tested,and left atrial dimension (LAD),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW),interventricular septum thickness (IVS),left ventricular outflow tract diameter(LVOTd),left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTPG),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were measured and mitral valve systolic anterior motion(SAM) was observed.Pacing parameters and echocardiography indexes were dynamically compared before and after pacemaker implantation.Results Pacing frequency was adjusted 60～70 bpm,atrioventricular delay was adjusted 90～ 180 ms,in order to achieve more than 95％ ventricular pacing,pacing threshold,pacing impedance were normal.The difference of various pacing parameters were no statistically significant within 3 years ( P ＞ 0.05).Compared with before pacing,after 1,2 and 3 years pacemaker implantation,IVS and LVOTPG declined significantly (P ＜ 0.01 ),LVOTd widened significantly ( P ＜0.01),SAM phenomenon improved obviously ( P ＜0.01 ),but the difference of LAD,LVEDd,LVPW,LVEF,PASP were no statistically significant ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The heart structure reconstruction of patients with HOCM can been chronically improved by dual-chamber pacing treatment.IVS,LVOTd and LVOTPG can be used as the sensitive and specific indexes to evaluate pacing treatment.