血管性痴呆患者认知功能损害护理进展

血管性痴呆是因脑血管病所致的智能及认知功能障碍性综合征。脑血管病后认知功能损害(vascularcognitiveimpairment,VCI)是指由于血管因素引起的多种类型和不同程度的认知障碍,与脑血管病的危险因素、老龄及心理因素等多种因素密切相关。目前认为脑组织缺血引起的微循环障碍、白质疏松、神经元损伤或丢失等在VCI的发生过程中起着重要作用。临床表现为执行功能、皮质下功能障碍突出,记忆和言语功能损害相对较轻。VCI目前国内外尚无统一的诊断标准。治疗主要包括对血管危险因素治疗,预防脑卒中和提高认知水平的药物治疗。给予行为疗法、认知疗法;提供适合病人能力的舒适环境;制定切实可行的训练计划;帮助病人建立良好的社会支持系统等护理措施有助于改善VCI患者的健康状况。

Nursing Progress on Vascular Dementia Patients with Cognitive Impairment

Vascular dementia is a syndrome with cognitive impairment induced by cerebrovascular disease. The vascular cognitive impairment is induced by vascular factor after cerebrovascular diseases,and is closely related to cerebrovascular disease risk factor,aging,psychological factor,etc. The present article reports that the microcirculation disturbance after cerebral ischemic,leukoaraiosis,and neuron damage or loss play an important role in VCI. The outstand clinical feature is execute and subcortical function,yet the retention and speech function impairment is relative gently. The diagnosis criteria is still unified both interior and exterior. The mainly treatment include reducing blood vessel risk factor to prevent stroke and specific drug treatment aim at elevate cognition. Undertaking behavior cognitive therapy,creating comfortable environment according to patients disability,formulating practicable training program,helping patient to found favorable social support system and other nursing intervention will conduce to improve VCI patients' health status.