中国 6 省糖尿病患者糖尿病慢性并发症自报率及影响因素研究

目的了解糖尿病患者糖尿病并发症认知情况及其影响因素。方法按照经济水平和地域划分，在我国东、中、西部地区随机抽取6省作为调查省份，采用方便抽样方法，于2013年3_5月对6省三甲医院就诊的糖尿病患者进行问卷调查。结果共调查糖尿病患者639人，男性329人（51.5％），女性310人（48.5％）。被确诊患糖尿病时的年龄最小为4岁，最大82岁，平均（51.1±11.4）岁，中位数51.0岁。被确诊时间距调查时间最短为3个月，最长为53年，平均（8.2±7.0）年，中位数7.0年。糖尿病慢性并发症自报率为36.8％，自报并发症发生率由高到低依次为视网膜病变（24.7％）、神经病变（13.0％）、糖尿病足（9.7％）和糖尿病肾病（9.4％）。年龄（以45岁以下组为对照，46～60岁组OR：1.150，95％CI：0.574～2.302），61岁以上组OR=1.848，95％CI：0.924～3.695）、患病年限（以≤5年组为对照，患病6～10年组OR=1.856，95％CI：1.215～2.835；患病11年及以上组OR=3.075，95％CI：2.018～4.687）、糖尿病知识得分（以低分组为对照，中分组OR=1.166，95％CI：0.788～1.724；高分组OR=1.897，95％CI：1.140～3.159）是糖尿病慢性并发症自报率的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论糖尿病患者慢性并发症自报率低，应加强糖尿病患者健康教育，提高糖尿病患者的疾病认知和疾病自我管理能力，降低糖尿病急慢性并发症的发生。

Survey on the self-reported rate of diabetic chronic complications of diabetic patients and related factors in six provinces of China

Objective To study the cognition of diabetic complications of the patient with diabetes in the six provinces of China and their influencing factors. Methods According to the economic levels and regions, six provinces were selected from east, central and west regions in China as invesigation fields. Patients who came to tertiary hospitals in the six provinces were selected with convenience sampling from March to May in 2013 to undergo a questionnaire survey. Results 639 people finished the survey, 329 men （51.5%） and 310 women （48.5%）. The youngest was 4 years old when he was diagnosed with diabetes, while the oldest was 82 years old. The average age was 51.1 ± 11.4, and the medium was 51.0. The shortest time was 3 months from the diagnosis to now, while the longest was 53 years. The average time was 8.2 ± 7.0, and the medium was 7.0. The self-reported rate of diabetic complications was 36. 8% with tinopathy （24.7% ）, neuropathy （ 13.0% ）, diabetic feet （9.7%） and diabetic nephropathy （9.4%）. Age （ ≤ 45 years old as control, aged 46 -60 group OR = 1.150, 95% CI： 0.574 -2. 302）, age over 61 group OR= 1.1848, 95% CI： 0.924 -3.695）, duration of diabetes （ ≤ 5 years as control, 6 - 10 year OR = 1.856, 95% CI： 1.215 - 2.835 ; ≥ 11 years, OR = 3.075, 95% CI： 2.018 -4.687） , the scores of diabetes knowledge （low score group as control, middle score group OR = 1.166, 95% CI： 0.788 - 1.724, high score group OR = 1. 897, 95% CI： 1.140 - 3.159） had affects on the diabetic chronic complications occurrence （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The self-reported rate of diabetic chronic complications was low. We should pay special attention to the health education of diabetic patients to improve their self-management ability and reduce diabetic acute and chronic complications occurrence.