四川省地震灾后黑热病疫情风险因素分析

目的了解地震灾后疫区黑热病流行趋势,为制定灾后黑热病防治对策提供依据。方法收集、核实和处理网络直报疫情报告和各级医疗卫生机构病历资料;了解各受灾疫区防治措施实施情况。结果各疫区地震前每年不同程度地开展了各种防治措施,发病数有所下降,但仍在高位徘徊;地震当年采取较大范围的灭犬措施和在人群集居地反复使用杀虫剂,病例数较往年有所减少;地震后次年,由于防治工作的松懈,发病数较地震当年有所增加。结论地震使疫区的生态环境、人居环境等发生了很大变化,灾后疫区传染源、传播媒介、易感人群和自然与社会因素依然存在,其暴发和流行的风险犹存,仍需做好灭犬、灭蛉工作,加强对黑热病的询诊和监测,开展利什曼原虫感染犬的查杀和防治黑热病知识宣传,在灾后一段时间里,黑热病发生的风险可以控制在一定范围内。

Analysis on Risk Factors of Leishmaniasis in Quake Stricken Endemic Areas in Sichuan

Objective To analyze epidemic trend of leishmaniasis in the endemic areas after the earthquake and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of the disease.Methods The epidemic data in national disease reporting information system and the medical records in medical institutions at all levels were collected,verified and processed,and the implementation of leishmaniasis prevention and control in quake stricken endemic areas was surveyed.Results The prevention and control of leishmaniasis was conducted in all endemic areas ever year at different extents before the earthquake.Though the number of leishmaniasis cases had declined,it remained at high level.The case number declined during the year in which the earthquake occurred by killing dogs in large number and repeated pesticides use in residential areas in anti-earthquake activities.However,the case number increased again in the next year because of less effort in the prevention and control.Conclusion The earthquake has resulted in the great changes in ecological environment and residential environment in the endemic areas,and the reservoirs,vector of leishmania,susceptible population and related natural,social factors still exist,which might cause the epidemic of leishmaniasis.It is necessary to strengthen the dog control and sandfly killing,improve the diagnosis and surveillance of leishmaniasis and conduct infected dog killing and health education to reduce the risk of leishmaniasis epidemic in post-quake period.