The archaic distinction between functioning and nonfunctioning neuroendocrine neoplasms is no longer clinically relevant |
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| Authors: | Irvin M. Modlin Steven F. Moss Bjorn I. Gustafsson Ben Lawrence Simon Schimmack Mark Kidd |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Group, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT BML212, USA;(2) Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;(3) Department of Gastroenterology, St Olavs Hospital, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7006 Trondheim, Norway;(4) Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 1, 7006 Trondheim, Norway;(5) Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are increasing in incidence and prevalence. This reflects greater clinical awareness, effective imaging, and increasing pathological diagnostic recognition. Although the identification and treatment of clinical neuroendocrine syndromes are established, there is confusion when a NEN has no discernible clinical symptoms. |
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