叶酸、锌、碘、硒与孕妇健康

目的:回顾关于叶酸、锌、碘、硒与孕妇健康相关的动物性实验和临床试验的研究结果,明确叶酸、锌、碘、硒等微营养素对孕妇健康的重要性。方法:进行全面的检索,检索手段包括电子检索(主要有下列网站:www.xjmu.edu.cn/lib/lib.htm springerlink.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn)、手工检索。检索范围从1996年至2006年,检索词"叶酸、锌、碘、硒与孕妇健康",或"folic acid,zinc,iodine,selenium and pregnanthealth"同时手工检索相关杂志和书籍,收集叶酸、锌、碘、硒与孕妇1mL(5mg/2mg)/支);吗啡组注射盐酸吗啡1mg(沈阳第一制药厂生产,批号:020316,规格:1mL(10mg)/支)。③观察给药后8和24h采用目测类比评分(0￣10分,评分越高表示疼痛越强烈)在患者双足站立、膝关节伸展状态下进行镇痛效果评估。术后48h观察各种不良反应的发生情况。④数据间差异比较采用单因素方差分析,两组间的进一步差异性比较采用q检验。结果:行择期膝关节镜手术患者100例均进入结果分析。①目测类比评分:给药后8h,联合用药组与吗啡组相近,分别为(1.41±0.74),(1.52±0.65)分(q=2.72,P>0.05)。给药后24h,联合用药组明显低于吗啡组(1.46±0.61),(2.53±1.24)分,q=3.42,P<0.05]。②不良事件和副反应:两组均未出现静脉应用吗啡可能发生的不良反应。结论:小剂量吗啡和复方倍他米松注射液联合应用于关节内注射的镇痛效果明显优于单纯使用吗啡,且用药安全。

Folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium and maternal health

AIM: To review the findings of animalistic experiments and clinical trials about the folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium and pregnant health, and make clear about the important effect of folic acid, zinc, iodine and selenium on pregnant health.METHODS:Using computer following websites were searched: www.xjmu.edu.cn/lib/lib.htm springerlink.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn with the key words of"folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium and pregnant health" published from 1996 to 2006.Simultaneously, the correlated magazines and the books were manually retrieved to collect the correlated articles about the micronutrients and health of pregnant women, including findings of animal experiments and clinical trials.RESULTS: Full-texts of the collected articles of folic acid, zinc, iodine and selenium with pregnant health were searched.On the basis of choice and analysis, the repetition or the similar researches were excluded. Finally 16 literatures were refined to carry on the classified reorganization for review. Due to the needs of the growth and development of fetus, the requirement of micronutrient of pregnant women was increasing. If nutritional supplement was inadequate this time, it would result in the deficiency of nutrients, which would increase the occurrence of harmful pregnant outcome. Folic acid belonged to Vitamin B was the termini generales of the compounds those had pterolyglutamic acid. In vivo, the activity pattern was tetrahydrofolic acid. It played an important role as one carbon unit in biosynthesis in vivo. The typical clinical manifestation of famine of folic acid was megaloblastic anaemia. For the mother lacked of folate, the abnormity rate of neural tube of their children manifestly raised up. Accordingly anencephaly, dropsy of brain and cleft spine occurred. It was one of the main reasons of abortion, perinatal infant, infant death and permanent disability. Sufficient quantum of zinc could promote the growth and development of fetus, and it was very important in the formation of organ in early duration of pregnancy. Animal experiments discovered that sufficient zinc of pregnant women could promote the growth and development of fetus and prevent congenital deformity. Short.or high of zinc could influence the synthesis of protein and nucleinic acid. Because of the phytate in dietary, the absorption rate of zinc declined. If the pregnant women lacked of iodine, it also might injury the fetal development, causing the neonatus' growth injury, espeoially nerve and muscle. It might cause low cognitive ability and increased the mortality in embryonic stage and perinatal stage. Therefore, pregnant women should be guided to raise iodine nutrition. Meanwhile, pregnant women lacked of iodine should be also guided to sume Operand.CONCLUSION: Pregnant women should adjust dietary pattern during gestational period, increase the intakes of micronutrients, such as folic acid, zinc, iodine, selenium and so on. In that way, it can prevent the occurrence of harmful pregnant outcome and benefit to aristogenesis.