显微手术切除颅底沟通性脊索瘤

目的 探讨不同颅面入路治疗颅底沟通性脊索瘤的入路选择和显微手术方法.方法 手术治疗并经病理证实的颅底沟通性脊索瘤22例.采用颅面入路或联合入路显微手术切除,包括扩大的前颅底入路8例,改良Weber-Ferguson入路8例,下颌入路6例.其中部分向颅内生长明显的沟通性肿瘤,联合经颅手术,包括翼点入路3例,颞颧入路1例,枕下乙状窦后入路2例.对患者预后进行长期随访.结果 肿瘤全切除10例,次全切除7例,大部切除4例,部分切除1例.肿瘤全切除或次全切除占77.3%.术后无死亡和严重神经功能障碍患者.术后脑脊液漏1例,伤口感染1例,动眼神经不全麻痹2例,展神经麻痹1例.本组中20例进行了随访,随访1～10年,平均3.4年.恢复正常工作或部分工作12例,不能工作但能生活自理5例,生活不能自理1例,死于肿瘤复发2例.结论 颅底沟通性脊索瘤侵犯范围广泛,应争取手术尽可能全切.根据肿瘤的不同部位和生长方向,选择不同入路或联合入路.显微外科手术可提高切除率、降低并发症,同时应注意硬脑膜的修补和颅底的重建.

Microsurgical treatment of communicative skull base chordoma

Objective To investigate the appropriate surgical approaches and microsurgical resection of communicative skull base chordoma. Methods Twenty two cases of communicative skull base chordomas were microsurgically treated from 1995 to 2005 and followed up. The tumors were removed with extended anterior skull base approach in eight cases, with modified Weber-Ferguson (transmaxillary) approach in eight cases, and with transmandibular approach in six cases. Some cases were resected with combined approaches including pterional approach in 3 eases, subtemporal-zygomatie approach in 1 case, and suboccipital-retromastoid approach in 2 cases. Results Total, subtotal and partial removal of the tumors were achieved in 10 cases, 7 and 5 cases respectively. No patients died and had severe nervous system dysfunction after surgery. However, one had CSF rhinorrhea, one with infection, three with cranial never dysfunction. Twenty patients were followed-up with average 3.4 years, 12 returned to normal or partial works, 5 took care by oneself, 1 needed help, 2 died from tumor recurrence. Conclusion The treatment of communicative skull base chordoma is a challenge to neurosurgeon. The key point is the total removal of the tumor with the microsurgical technique and the appropriate approach depend on the location of the tumor. Moreover, skull base reconstruction is also important to avoid the cerebrospinal fluid leak and infection.