江西省黄鼬和鼬獾狂犬病流行病学监测

目的 为确定江西省除鼬獾外夜行肉食类野生动物黄鼬是否携带狂犬病病毒，对该地区黄鼬和鼬獾进行狂犬病流行病学监测，分析其感染状况。方法 在江西部分地区采集黄鼬和鼬獾脑组织样品，直接免疫荧光法（FAT）检测样品中狂犬病毒抗原，小鼠颅内接种实验（MIT）分离病毒，RT-PCR扩增其核蛋白和糖蛋白全基因进行测定，并与我国其他地区狂犬病病毒的核酸序列进行对比分析。结果 黄鼬脑组织样品FAT结果阳性率为0（0/1 102），鼬獾阳性率为1.9 %（4/210）。经MIT分离到4株狂犬病病毒之间N基因和G基因的同源性较高，分别为99.6%～100%和99.7%～100%，与浙江和江西其它鼬獾狂犬病病毒分离株同源性为96.0%～99.3%和98.7%～99.1%，与浙江和福建犬源分离株（ZJ-QZ，D01，FJ008，FJ009等）同源性为88.2%～88.8%和87.6%～87.7%。结论 采样地区黄鼬样品中未发现狂犬病病毒感染，而鼬獾感染狂犬病病毒阳性率较高，说明其种群内存在狂犬病的流行；犬与鼬獾狂犬病病毒株同源性较低，二者交叉传播或溢出的可能性较低；黄鼬和鼬獾尽管同属夜行动物，但二者交互感染的可能性很低。有必要对该地区野生动物狂犬病进行长期监测。

Epidemological surveillance of rabies in yellow mongooses (Mustela sibirica) and Ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in Jiangxi province

To found out the background of rabies in yellow mongooses facing the damager of spread in wildlife, we conducted the surveillance of rabies in yellow mongooses and ferret badgers in Jiangxi province. Yellow mongoose heads and ferret badger heads were randomly collected in Jiangxi province. The samples were detected by immunofluorescence assay method (FAT) and rabies virus was isolated through Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT). Full genome of N gene and G gene were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. No positive samples were found from 1 102 yellow mongooses. Four positive samples were identified from ferret badgers with positive ratio as 1.9% (4/210). Four rabies virus strains were isolated (JX12-64, JX12-67, JX12-102 and JX12-234) through MIT. The nucleotide of N and G gene between the four isolates were 99.6%~100% and 99.7%~100%, comparing with other ferret badger rabies viruses in Zhejiang and Jiangxi province, the homology were 96.0%~98.9% and 98.7%~99.1%; comparing with rabies viruses in Zhejiang province, the homology were 88.2%~88.8% and 87.6%~87.7%. The results showed that there is no rabies virus positive specimen and means no rabies epidemic in yellow mongooses, comparing to the high incidence of rabies in ferret badgers. These data indicate a clear background that there is no spread of rabies in yellow mongoose population. Although ferret badgers and yellow mongooses are nocturnal animals, the probability of rabies transmission in ferret badgers and yellow mongooses is very low. Further surveillance is needed to track wildlife rabies in the field.