人工膝关节常用假体材料及其生物相容性

背景：理想的假体材料对人工膝关节的功能、预后至关重要。 目的：评价各种人工膝关节生物材料的性能、应用及其生物相容性，寻找合理的膝关节替代物。 方法：采用电子检索的方式，在万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)中检索1999-01/2009-12有关生物材料应用于人工膝关节的研究文章，关键词为“组织工程，人工膝关节，生物材料”。排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章，筛选纳入17篇文献进行评价。 结果与结论：传统的金属和骨水泥材料仍广泛运用于人工膝关节假体中，随着医学和组织工程技术的发展，各种合成生物材料相继出现。近来出现了生物相容性较好的生物陶瓷及高分子复合材料，但存在易磨损的缺点，改进上述材料的缺点，寻求理想的人工膝关节假体材料是当前生物医学工程研究的热点之一。虽然传统的金属、骨水泥、生物陶瓷及高分子复合材料均在临床上大量应用于人工膝关节，但由于其存在各自不可避免的缺点，理想的人工膝关节假体材料仍需进一步开发。

Commonly used prosthetic materials for artificial knee joint and their biocompatibility

BACKGROUND: Ideal prosthetic materials are important to the function and prognosis of artificial knee joint. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the properties, application and biocompatibility of biomaterials for artificial knee joint, and to search ideal knee substitutes. METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang database (1999-01/2009-12) was performed for articles regarding biomaterials used in artificial knee joint using the keywords of “tissue engineering, artificial knee joint, biomaterials” in Chinese. Repetitive studies, review and Meta analysis were excluded, and finally 17 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Traditional metal and bone cement materials are still widely used in the knee prosthesis. With the development of medicine and tissue engineering technology, various synthetic biomaterials have appeared. Recently, bio-ceramic and polymer composites with good biocompatibility have been found, but easy to wear is a disadvantage for the bio-ceramic and polymer composites. To modify the above-mentioned materials and seek the ideal knee prosthesis materials is one of the hot spots in the current biomedical engineering research. Although traditional metal, bone cement, bio-ceramic and polymer composites are widely used in clinical artificial knee, the ideal knee prosthesis materials need further studies because of their inevitable shortcomings.