深圳市龙岗区产后抑郁的发生情况及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨深圳市龙岗区产后抑郁的发生情况及其影响因素。方法 对2017年分娩接受产后上门访视的产妇为研究对象，产后访视时间是出院后3 d及产后第14 d，采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)自评量表及一般情况调查表进行抑郁症状情况及一般情况的调查。结果 本次研究共调查为产妇36 084名，抑郁症状发生率为1.77%，产后4周产妇抑郁症状发生率已经超过4.00%。多因素分析显示，孕期有负性情绪（OR = 11.304(9.354～13.631) ,P（OR = 3.121(2.163～4.519),P＜0.001)、晚产（OR = 4.157(1.556～9.152),P = 0.001)是都是产后抑郁症状发生的重要危险因素。结论 深圳市龙岗区产后抑郁症状发生率相对较低，但引起产妇抑郁的因素较多。应重点关注孕期有负性情绪、晚产及家族精神病史的产妇，以降低产后抑郁的发生风险。

Postpartum depression and its influencing factors in Longgang of Shenzhen

Objective To investigate the incidence of postpartum depression and its influencing factors in Longgang of Shenzhen city. Methods Maternal women who delivered in 2017 as the subjects for postpartum visits. The postpartum visit time was 3 days after discharge and 14 days after delivery. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) self-assessment scale and general conditions questionnaire to investigate the situation and general conditions. Results A total of 36 084 female were enrolled in this study, and the incidence of depressive symptoms was 1.77%. The incidence of depressive symptoms in women 4 weeks after children birth has exceeded 4.00%. Multivariate analysis showed negative emotions during pregnancy(OR=11.304(9.354-13.631), P<0.001), family history of mental illness (OR=2.995 (1.372-5.925), P=0.003), negative events during pregnancy (OR=3.216(2.21-4.602), P=0.017), moderate personality (OR=3.121(2.163-4.519), P<0.001), late birth (OR=4.157(1.556-9.152), P=0.001) were all important risk factor for postpartum depression symptoms. Conclusion The incidence of postpartum depression is relatively low in Longgang of Shenzhen City, but there are many factors that cause maternal depression. It is important to focus on the maternal women who have negative emotions, late delivery and family history during pregnancy to reduce the risk of postpartum depression.