股骨头缺血坏死术后并发症的预防及护理

目的减少股骨头缺血坏死术后并发症的发生。方法对我院2002年1月～2007年8月收治的53例股骨头缺血性坏死病例施行多血管束植入、髓芯减压植骨、腓骨游离移植、人工髋关节置换术病例回顾分析,针对手术方法的不同采取相关预防、护理措施,严密观察病情,做好基础护理及专科护理,预防术后并发症。结果本组53例股骨头缺血坏死采用上述四种手术方法,术后随访3个月～5年无下肢深静脉栓塞,无严重髋关节瘢痕粘连并发症发生。结论股骨头缺血坏死手术治疗术后,防止和减少术口的感染,加强抗凝药物护理监测,防止抗凝药应用过量引起出血而危及生命。指导功能锻炼,抬高患肢、理疗,防止下肢深静脉血栓及关节粘连等并发症发生。

NURSE OF THE COMPLICATIONS AFTER OPERATION IN 53 CASES WITH AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD

Objective Reduce the occurrence of complications after operation of avascular necrosis of femoral head.Methods Making retrospective analysis of 53 patients on avascular necrosis of femoral head who were operated on multiple vascular bundles implantation,core decompression and bone graft,free fibular grafting,and artificial hip replacement in our hospital from Jan.2002 to Aug.2007,according to different operation methods,taking corresponding measures for prevention and nursing,careful observation,and basic nursing and specific nursing,so as to prevent Postoperative Complications.Result For the above 4 methods used in the 53 cases with avascular necrosis of femoral head,the follow-up from 3 months to 5 years show no occurrence of complications such as deep venous embolism of lower extremity and serious cicatrix adhesion of articulation of hip.Conclusion After operation in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head,postoperative infection should be prevented,it is necessary to reinforce nursing and monitoring of anticoagulant,prevent anticoagulant overdose which can create hemorrhage,even endanger life.Guide postoperative patients to have functional exercise,including lifting affected extremity and physical therapy,prevent the occurrence of complications,such as phlebothrombosis in deep veins of lower limb and synarthrophysis.