右美托咪定添加到罗哌卡因中对腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞及镇静的影响

目的观察右美托咪定添加到罗哌卡因中对腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞及镇静的影响。方法择期在腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞下行单侧膝关节检查、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiology,ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级的患者120例,按照数字生成的方法随机分为不使用右美托咪定(R组)、腰丛阻滞给予右美托咪定(RLD组)、坐骨神经阻滞给予右美托咪定(RSD组),腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞均给予右美托咪定(RD组),每组30例。记录腰丛和坐骨神经的感觉和运动阻滞起效时间、阻滞持续时间及患者第一次需要镇痛药的时间(镇痛时间)。记录患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后15分钟、30分钟、45分钟、60分钟(T1~T4)的镇静评分(Ramsay评分)、心率、血氧饱和度、平均动脉压及局麻药中毒的发生率。结果四组间腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞起效时间比较,差异无统计学意义,RLD组、RD组、RSD组和R组腰丛感觉和运动维持时间(min)分别为1008.00±104.99、800.00±97.56,922.00±149.05、732.00±139.52,768.00±108.48、602.00±84.09和742.00±129.44、612.00±109.62,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);RLD组、RD组、RSD组和R组坐骨神经阻滞感觉和运动维持时间分别为1006.00±117.58、810.00±105.41,932.00±144.18、744.00±136.09),738.00±120.16、582.00±96.04和708.00±126.45、548.00±111.12,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。RLD、RSD及RD组在T1~T4点的Ramsay评分高于R组,心率低于R组(P0.05)。RLD组、RD组、RSD组和R组镇痛持续时间分别为1004.00±135.48、918.00±83.60、898.00±131.34和808.00±1 19.72,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。无局麻药中毒发生。结论右美托咪定能随着剂量的增加而增强罗哌卡因腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞效果。右美托咪定能起到镇静作用,同时导致患者心率下降。

Effects of dexmedetomidine plus ropivacanie on lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks and sedation

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine plus ropivacanie on lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks and sedation. Methods One hundred and twenty patients( ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ) scheduled for unilateral arthroscopy of the knee received lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks. The patients were randomly divided into 4 groups(n = 30 in each). In group R,dexmedetomidine was not used for nerve. In group RLD,dexmedetomidine was only used for lumbar-plexus block. In group RSD,dexmedeto-midine was only used for sciatic nerve block. In group RD,dexmedetomidine was used for both lumbar-plexus block and sciatic nerve block. Onset time and maximum time of sensory and motor block,duration of analgesia,Ramsay scores,HR,and the incidence of anesthetic toxicity were recorded at different time points(T0-T4). Results There were no significant differences in the onset time of sensory and motor block among the groups(P > 0. 05). However,there were significant differences in the maximum time of sensory and motor block for the lumbar plexus among the RLD group[(1008. 00 ± 104. 99)min and (800. 00 ± 97. 56)min],RD group[(922. 00 ± 149. 05)min and(732. 00 ± 139. 52)min],RSD group [(768. 00 ± 108. 48)min and(602. 00 ± 84. 09)min],and R group[(742. 00 ± 129. 44)min and (612. 00 ± 109. 62)min]. There were significant differences in the maximum time of sensory and motor block for the sciatic nerve among the RLD group[(1006. 00 ± 117. 58)min and(810. 00 ± 105. 41) min],RD group[(932. 00 ± 144. 18)min and(744. 00 ± 136. 09)min],RSD group[(738. 00 ± 120. 16)min and(582. 00 ± 96. 04)min],and R group[(708. 00 ± 126. 45)min and(548. 00 ± 111. 12)min]. Compare with the R group,the Ramsay scores of at the time point of T1-T4 were higher and the HRs were lower in the RLD group,RSD group and RD group. There were significant differences in the analgesia duration among the RLD group[(1006. 00 ± 117. 58)min],RD group[(918. 00 ± 83. 60)min],RSD group[(898. 00 ± 131. 34)min],and R group[(808. 00 ± 119. 72)min]. No local anesthetic intoxication was noticed. Conclusion Perineural dexmedetomidine plus ropivacaine increase the effects of lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve blocks in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine provides a good sedative effect,however,it may lead to bradycardia.