听力障碍患者的应对方式及其与社交焦虑和人际归因的相关性研究

目的：探讨听力障碍患者应对方式及其与社交焦虑和人际归因的现状,并分析其相关关系,为患者采取正确的应对方式提供参考。方法：采取分层随机抽样法,运用《人口学变量问卷》、《行为应对方式问卷》、《社交焦虑量表（IAS）》、《人际归因问卷》对200例听力障碍患者进行问卷调查;统计方法包括描述性统计、独立样本 T检验、one-way方差分析、Pearson积矩相关系数分析及 Hierarchical multiple step-wise regression。结果：（1）我国听力障碍患者行为应对方式分值从高到低依次为解决问题、求助、退避、幻想、合理化、自责;社交焦虑评分高于美国;且4种人际归因倾向由高到低依次为努力、背景、能力、运气;（2）社交焦虑程度、人际归因不同的听力障碍患者其应对方式不同,且应对方式与社交焦虑呈显著负相关;与能力、努力及运气归因呈显著正相关;（3）社交焦虑（β＝-0．358,P＜0．001）的预测力最强、其次为运气（β＝0．245,P＜0．01）、年龄（β＝0．227,P＜0．01）、背景（β＝0．169,P＜0．05）,预测听力障碍患者应对方式42．5％的变异量。结论：医疗单位应关注听力障碍患者的心理变化,采取不同措施,常给予心理疏导,正确引导其恢复自信,定期在科室开展心理知识普及和人际交往指导,引导其正确归因,进而减少社交焦虑、采取积极应对方式。

Relationships between Coping Styles and Interaction Anxiousness,Interpersonal Attribution Styles in Patients with Hearing Impairment

To explore the status quo and relationships between coping styles and interaction anxiousness , interpersonal attribution styles in patients with hearing impairment ,providing references for patients to take correct coping styles .Methods ：A total of 200 patients with hearing impairment were investigated with Social Demographic In-formation ,the Behavioral Coping Styles Questionnaire ,Interaction Anxiousness Scale ,the Multidimensional-Multi At-tributional Causality Scale ;and descriptive statistics ,Independent-Samples T test ,one-way ANOVA ,Pearson’s corre-lations and Hierarchical multiple step-wise regression were used to analyze data .Results：（1） The score of coping styles among patients were as follows ：solving the problem ,seeking help ,retreat ,fantasy ,rationalization and self-reproach . The score of interaction anxiousness was higher than that of the United States .And the four-dimensional interpersonal attributional styles from high to low in turn were effort ,background ,ability ,luck.（2）Patients with different interaction anxiousness ,interpersonal attribution styles had different coping styles ,which was positively correlated with the abili-ty ,effort and luck .（3） The rank order （from strong to weak） of predictors of coping styles were ：interaction anxious-ness（β=-0 .358 ,P〈0 .001） ,luck（β=0 .245 ,P〈0 .01） ,age（β=0 .227 ,P〈0 .01） ,background （β=0 .169 , P〈0 .05） , with an overall of 42 .5% of explained variance in coping styles .Conclusion：Medical units should pay close attention to psychological change of patients with hearing impairment ,take different measures ,give psychological counseling ,cor-rectly guide them restore self-confidence ,and popularize the psychological knowledge and guide correct attributional style regularly to reduce the interaction anxiousness and take positive coping styles .