中国12株狂犬病街毒株G基因序列测定与分析

目的了解中国狂犬病毒的流行情况以及街毒株与中国人用、兽用狂犬病疫苗株在G基因核苷酸和氨基酸水平的差异,为有效控制狂犬病疫情提供初步科学依据。方法对12株街毒株G基因进行了全基因测序,与其它36株中国狂犬病街毒株,以及中国的疫苗株和其它国家毒株的G基因序列进行了综合分析。结果序列分析表明来源于中国的50株狂犬病毒均为基因Ⅰ型狂犬病毒;其中具有代表性的6株病毒与我国现在使用的各种疫苗株在G基因的核苷酸和氨基酸水平上均存在不同程度的差异,与我国人用疫苗株CTN同源性较高;进化分析表明,我国主要流行狂犬病毒与泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚等东南亚狂犬病毒株处于同一分支。中国毒株之间G基因核苷酸同源性分别≥82.3%;氨基酸同源性分别≥92.1%;中国街毒株与疫苗株相比较核苷酸的同源性为79.3%～94.2%,氨基酸的同源性为87.8%～97.9%。结论我国的狂犬病毒为基因Ⅰ型狂犬病毒,可以明确分为6个进化群。无论在核苷酸还是氨基酸水平上,中国多数街毒株与疫苗株CTN之间的同源性要高于与其它疫苗株。

Sequencing and analysis of the glycoprotein gene from 12 Chinese street strains of the rabies viruses

To understand the current prevalence of rabies at China and the difference at nucleotide and amino acid levels of the glycoprotein gene （G gene） of rabies vaccine strains used for human and animals, the G gene of 12 street strains isolated from different regions of China were sequenced and these sequencing data were analyzed with the G genes sequence of 36 Chinese street viruses and those of vaccine and some strains isolated from other countries. The phylogenic analysis showed that these isolates all belonged to the genotype 1 of rabies virus, in which obvious genetic divergence existed between 6 representative Chinese strains of virus and the vaccine strains at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. However, the vaccine strain CTN for human use showed the higher homology with most of the Chinese strains which had a close evolutionary relationship with strains isolated from south and southwest Asia and they were all belonged to the same genetic branch of in the phylogenesis. The results in sequence comparison indicated that the Chinese strains of virus shared at least 82.3% homology at the nucleotide level and at least 92.1% amino acid identity at the amino acid level respectively. Comparison of the strains of virus with the vaccine strains revealed the homology of 79.3% to 94.2% at nucleotide level and 87.8% to 97.9% at amino acid level respectively. From these observations, it is concluded that the homology of most of the Chinese strains of virus and the CTL vaccine strain is obviously higher that those of other vaccine strains of viruses.