Vascular interventional procedures in oncology

Indications for interventional radiology have increased, and various arterial and venous procedures are nowadays possible in oncology. Besides emergency procedures, scheduled palliative or curative procedures require multidisciplinary cooperation emphasizing on cautions related to iodine contrast media and concerning immunosuppresion, hemostasis disorders, analgesia, and the choice of the adequate approach. Diagnostic endovascular biopsies and venous sampling may be performed. Embolisation procedures are useful for achieving hemostasis, tumor devascularisation, or chemo-embolisation. Revascularisation procedures concern central vein obstructions, catheter occlusion or arterial stenoses and occlusions. Vena cava filtering, retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies and percutaneous implantation of ports can also be indicated, as well other treatments of central venous access complications. The principles, technical aspects, results, and indications of these various endovascular procedures are described in this review.