Sinusoidal cells of the liver and their role in pathologic processes

The review summarizes the data on morphofunctional properties and histogenesis of 4 types of sinusoidal cells of the liver: stellate reticuloendotheliocyte (SR), endotheliocyte, lipocyte and Pit-cells. It is suggested that they be considered as a single structural-functional system forming the hematotissue barrier, the connective tissue skeleton of the lobule and taking part in neurohumoral regulations of the local processes. Most attention is given to SR which are the main element of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system. The participation of SR in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and some extrahepatic diseases has been shown to be connected not only with the disturbance of their phagocytic function but also with the deficiency in formation and correction of local immune reactions as well as the entire immune system. It is assumed that uncompensated insufficiency of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system may facilitate chronization of the pathological process in the liver as well as the development of some of its complications.