福州口岸及出入境船舶鼠形动物及携带病原的研究

目的掌握福州口岸鼠形动物的种群分布及季节消长变化，以及入出境船舶截获鼠形动物携带病原微生物的差别，对相关疾病的流行风险进行评估。方法在2011年1月到2012年12月之间，实施13岸鼠形动物调查及船舶鼠形动物笼日法监测，并对截获的鼠形动物携带鼠疫菌采用国标法检测抗原、抗体，用RT—PCR方法检测肾综合征出血热病毒（HFRS）RNA，用PCR方法检测钩端螺旋体DNA。结果口岸共捕获鼠形动物373只，年平均密度0．0326只／笼·d，经鉴定隶属2目2科3属5种，褐家鼠为优势种群。7—11月份鼠密度较高，其中9月份达到高峰，12月份最低，鼠形动物活动为单峰型。鼠疫菌抗原、抗体均为阴性，肾综合征出血热RNA阳性55份，阳性率15．90％，钩端螺旋体DNA阳性14份，阳性率3．70％。结论福州口岸鼠体肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体阳性率高，有传播相关传染病的风险，有必要对口岸采取灭鼠措施，并对鼠间、人间相应传染病感染情况实施监测。

Study on pathogens and rodents on entry-exit ships and Mawei seaport

Objective To characterize the population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rodents at Fuzhou port and the pathogens carried by rodents which captured in entry-exit ships, and to evaluate the risks of the relevant diseases. Methods The species of rodents were investigated at ports and ships from Jan, 2011 to Dec, 2012, and the pathogens carried by the captured rodents related to plague, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis were detected. Results A total of 373 rodents were captured, classified as 2 orders 2 families 3 genus 5 species. The annual average density was 0.0326/eager day, Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species. The density of rodents was higher from July to December and reached the peak in September, but the number of rodents was the least at the end of December. The activities of rodents were unimodal. Meanwhile,the antigen and antibody related to plague were negative. Numbers of positive samples for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis were 55 and 14, with the positive rate of 15.90% and 3.70%, respectively. Conclusion The potential risk of transmitting the relevant infectious diseases due to the high positive rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Leptospirosis among rodents existed at Fuzhou ports. It is necessary to take suitable measures to eliminate mice and carry out the surveillance on the infectious diseases between mice-to-mice and person-to-person.