国内外基本药物目录对比研究

目的：系统比较国内外基本药物目录的异同，为完善我国基本药物目录提出建议。方法：选取4类经济发展水平的22个代表性国家，通过对其基本药物目录的遴选、内容进行对比，并探析影响基本药物目录的因素。结果与结论：各国基本药物目录遵循安全、有效、经济和临床必需的共同标准和原则，目录分类方式、品种数目、治疗类别、调整周期大体一致，而儿童用药均尚显不足；此外，目录制定主要受经济水平、人种和疾病谱、医药卫生基础的影响。借鉴国外经验，我国应加强循证医学和药物经济学的应用，参考国外主流基本药物品种，不断改进儿童用药，完善基本药物的遴选及动态调整机制。

A Comparative Study of National Essential Medicine Lists at Home and Abroad

Objective： To make recommendations for the improvement of the national essential medicine list （EML） in China through a comparative study of EMLs at home and abroad. Methods： About 22 representative countries at four levels of economic development were selected for the comparative study on the catalogue selection and the content of essential medicines, and the impact factors related to EML were analyzed. Results and Conclusion： Safety, effectiveness, economy and clinical necessary are the common standards and the principles for making the national EML by these countries and the catalogue classification, number of varieties, therapeutic category, period of adjustment are largely consistent, while the insufficiency of drugs for children is still the common problem. In addition, the constitution of EML is mainly affected by the factors such as economic level, race and spectrum of disease and the medical and health care conditions. Referring to the experiences of foreign countries, China should enhance the application of evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics, seek the mainstream varieties of essential medicines abroad and further improve children medication so as to perfect the selection and dynamic adjustment mechanism for essential medicines.