青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖流行趋势研究

目的 了解青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖发生现状及近年流行趋势,为有效控制干预提供理论依据。方法 2018年4-6月,方便整群抽取青岛市城区13家中等规模幼儿园,对全体在园儿童进行身高、体重及腰围、臀围测量评价,与2006年同质调查数据比较,研究十二年来学龄前儿童肥胖流行趋势。结果 2018年城区幼儿园3～6岁儿童肥胖检出率为7.51%,较2006年(9.52%)显著下降(χ²=11.218,P=0.001),年均下降16.75%;男童肥胖超出率(10.02%)显著高于女童(4.80%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=42.11,P<0.001);2018年城区3～6岁儿童超重检出率为15.85％,较2006年(18.12%)显著下降(χ²=7.892,P<0.05);肥胖儿童BMI、腰臀比及腰围身高比均显著高于正常体重儿童(P＜0.001)。结论 近十二年青岛市城区学龄前儿童肥胖得到有效控制。儿童超重检出率亦下降,但远高于肥胖检出率,提示需加强学龄前儿童超重防控,以减少其转化为学龄期乃至成年期肥胖。

Prevalence trend of obesity among preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao

Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity among preschool children in urban area of Qingdao and the trends in recent years,so as to provide theoretical evidence for effective control and intervention of obesity. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 13 medium-sized kindergartens in Qingdao urban area from April to June in 2018.The height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of all children were measured.And the data were compared with those in 2006,in order to study the trend of obesity in preschool children for 12 years. Results The detection rate of obesity among children aged 3 to 6 years in this survey was 7.51%,which was significantly lower than that in 2006(9.52%,χ²=11.218,P=0.001),with annual decline of 16.75% on average.Also,the detection rate of obesity in boys(10.02%) was significantly higher than that in girls(4.80%,χ²=42.11,P<0.001).Likewise,the detection rate of overweight in children aged 3 to 6 years in 2018 was 15.85%,which was significantly lower than that in 2006 (18.12%,χ²=7.892,P<0.05).The BMI,waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio of obese children were significantly higher than those of normal weight children (P<0.001). Conclusions The obesity in preschool children in Qingdao city has been effectively controlled over the past 12 years.Although the detection rate of overweight in children has decreased,it is still much higher than the detection rate of obesity.So it is suggested that preschool overweight children should be regarded as the key population to prevent and control the overweight children,in order to avoid its transformation into obesity in school age and adulthood.