腹膜透析患者不宁腿综合征的患病率及相关危险因素分析

目的调查腹膜透析(PD)患者不宁腿综合征(RLS)患病率并分析其相关危险因素。方法本研究为横断面研究,选择2017年1月至2017年12月在苏州大学附属第二医院腹膜透析中心接受维持性腹膜透析患者为研究对象。用流行病学现场调查的方法,依据国际不宁腿综合征研究组2014年RLS诊断标准对腹膜透析患者进行RLS的筛查。收集入选者临床资料及相关实验室检查,比较RLS组与非RLS组患者相关临床指标的差异。用Logistic回归法分析RLS的相关危险因素。结果396例PD患者筛查出RLS 76例,RLS患病率为19.2%。与非RLS组比较,RLS组患者透析龄较长,24 h尿量较少,血全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)水平较高(均P<0.05)。两组在原发病占比、性别、年龄、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血尿酸、铁蛋白、血清铁、转铁蛋白饱和度、血钙、血磷、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、总尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、总肌酐清除率(Ccr)等项目上的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,长透析龄(OR=1.010,95%CI 1.001~1.018,P=0.022)、高血AKP(OR=1.005,95%CI 1.001~1.010,P=0.021)是腹膜透析患者发生RLS的独立危险因素。结论腹膜透析患者RLS患病率高,长透析龄、高血AKP水平是发生RLS的独立危险因素。

Prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in peritoneal dialysis patients and analyze the related risk factors. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis from January 2017 to December 2017 in the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were selected as the study subjects. RLS was screened for peritoneal dialysis patients by epidemiological field investigation based on the RLS diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Leg Syndrome Research Group in 2014. Clinical data and laboratory examinations of selected patients were collected and the differences of clinical indicators between RLS and non-RLS patients were compared. The risk factors related to RLS were analyzed by logistic regression. Results Seventy-six cases of RLS were screened out from 396 PD patients. The prevalence of RLS was 19.2%. Compared with non-RLS group, RLS group patients had longer dialysis age, less 24 hours urine volume, and elevated blood intact Parathormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (all P﹤0.05). There was no significant difference in primary disease ratio, sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, hemoglobin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, eGFR, Kt/V, Ccr between RLS and non-RLS group patients (all P﹥0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long dialysis age (OR=1.010, 95%CI 1.001-1.018, P=0.022) and high blood AKP (OR=1.005, 95%CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.021) were independent risk factors for RLS in peritoneal dialysis patients (both P﹤0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of RLS is high in peritoneal dialysis patients. Long dialysis age and high blood AKP are independent risk factors for RLS.