学龄前儿童不健康的饮食模式及饮食行为及其对体型的影响

了解扬州地区学龄前儿童不健康的饮食模式及饮食行为的现状,探讨其对体型的影响。方法 于2015年4-5月采用问卷调查方法收集扬州市7所托幼机构2 531名在园儿童家庭基本信息及儿童最近一周的饮食情况,包括饮食行为及饮食习惯。结果 学龄前儿童不健康的饮食模式发生率为7.8%,不健康的饮食行为中挑食的发生率最高,为25.2%(637/2 531),男童高于女童(27.5% vs. 22.5%,P<0.05),其次为进餐速度快,为18.8%(477/2 531),男童高于女童(20.9% vs.16.5%,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,饮食偏咸(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.26~3.34)、偏油腻(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.22~3.16)食物是儿童肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05),进餐速度慢是保护性因素(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.23~0.42,P<0.001),不同的饮食模式对学龄前儿童体重的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 扬州市学龄前不健康的饮食模式及饮食行为发生率较高,且不健康的饮食行为与肥胖相关,应采取措施如改变家庭不良的饮食行为等,从而降低儿童肥胖的发生。

Effect of unhealthy eating behavior and dietary patterns on body mass index among preschool children

Objective To analyze the rate of unhealthy dietary patterns and eating behavior in preschool children in Yangzhou,and to explore the effect on children′s body mass index(BMI). Methods Totally 2 531 preschool children from 7 nurseries in Yangzhou were enrolled in this study from April to May, 2015,and were assessed by questionnaire survey to collect basic information,dietary patterns and eating behaviors of children over the past week. Results The rate of unhealthy dietary patterns was 7.8%,and the rate of picky eating was the highest (25.2%,637/2 531) among unhealthy eating behaviors,followed by fast eating (18.8%,477/2 531).Moreover,the rates of picky eating and fast eating in boys were significantly higher than those in girls(picky eating:27.5% vs. 22.5%,fast eating:20.9% vs. 16.5%,P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that preference to salty food(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.26—3.34) and greasy food(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.22—3.16) were risk factors and slow eating(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.23—0.42) was a protective factor for childhood obesity(P＜0.001). However,there was no significant difference on the body weight in preschool children with different dietary patterns(P＞0.05). Conclusions Unhealthy eating behaviors and dietary patterns are prevalent among preschool children in Yangzhou,and unhealthy eating behaviors are related to children′s obesity. So it is suggested to take comprehensive intervention measures,such as controlling family′s unhealthy eating behavior,so as to reduce childhood overweight and obesity.