儿童语言发育迟缓的智能发育现状及影响因素分析

目的 分析语言发育迟缓儿童智能发育现状及影响的相关因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法 采用北京首都儿童研究所“0～6岁儿童神经心理发育量表”对2018年1-6月佛山市妇幼保健院儿童保健科174例首诊语言发育迟缓的患儿进行智能发育测查,并自制问卷对可能影响语言发育的出生高危史,语言发育迟缓家族史等先天因素与家庭环境因素进行调查分析。结果 首诊年龄越大,各能区发育商(F=4.999、5.479、25.546、16.401、13.733)和总发育商(F=22.716)下降越明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);家庭环境因素单因素分析中留守儿童的语言发育商低于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义(t=3.182,P＜0.05);多元线性分析中显示非父母为主要抚养者和留守儿童影响儿童语言发育(β=3.606、8.088,P＜0.05)。结论 语言发育与家庭环境因素密切相关,评价儿童家庭环境中潜在的影响因素,有利于指导家长创造积极的语言环境,促进儿童语言发育。

Current status and influencing factors for intelligent development of children with language development delay

Objective To analyze current status and influencing factors for intelligent development of children with language development delay,in order to provide reference for early intervention.Methods A total of 174 children with language development delay and firstly diagnosed with language development delay in Child Health Care Department of Foshan Maternity and Children′s Health Care Hospital were enrolled in this study. And children′s intelligence was assessed by Chinese Children Development Scale developed by Capital Institute of Pediatrics,meanwhile congenital factors and family environment factors were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. Results The development quotient of each dimension(F=4.999,5.479,25.546,16.401,13.733) and total development quotient(F=22.716) decreased significantly with the older of the age in children(P＜0.01). Single-factor analysis showed that language development quotient of left-behind children was lower than that of non-left-behind children(t=3.182,P＜0.05). Multivariate linear analysis found that left-behind children and children with other persons except parents as their caregivers were prone to have poorer language development(β=3.606,8.088,P＜0.05). Conclusions Language development is closely related to family environmental factors. Evaluating potential factors in children′s family environment is helpful to guide parents to create a positive language environment and promote children′s language development.