Proportion and extent of manifestation of molar‐incisor‐hypomineralizations according to different phenotypes

Objective: This epidemiological study aimed to assess the proportion and extent of manifestation of enamel hypomineralization, including molar‐incisor‐hypomineralization (MIH), in the permanent and primary dentition. Methods: A total of 693 children enrolled in an ongoing birth cohort study (GINIplus‐10) were examined at their 10‐year follow‐up. Enamel hypomineralization was scored in the primary and permanent dentition on a tooth‐ and surface‐related level based on the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). Children were grouped according to their distribution pattern of enamel hypomineralization: children with a minimum of one hypomineralized tooth in the primary dentition (ht ≥ 1) and permanent dentition (HT ≥ 1); with a minimum of one hypomineralization on at least one first permanent molar (MIH); and with hypomineralization on at least one first permanent molar and permanent incisor (M + IH). For each group, the mean values of hypomineralized primary teeth (ht), permanent teeth (HT), and permanent surfaces (HS) were calculated. Results: The proportion of affected children was 36.5 percent (HT ≥ 1), 14.7 percent (MIH), and 9.4 percent (M + IH); 6.9 percent of the subjects had a minimum of one affected primary tooth (ht ≥ 1). The mean number of hypomineralized permanent teeth and surfaces were 2.3HT/2.9HS (HT ≥ 1), 3.4HT/4.8HS (MIH), and 4.2HT/5.9HS (M + IH). The mean number of hypomineralized primary teeth amounted to 0.1ht in the entire study population. Conclusions: Enamel hypomineralization can be detected frequently in this study sample. Children with M + IH showed the highest number of affected teeth and surfaces followed by those with MIH.